Literature Review of Orangutan Foundation

Question: Volunteer the travel industry speaks to a developing the travel industry area for the individuals who need to have any kind of effect while on an extended get-away just as guaranteeing that neighborhood networks advantage both earth and financially (Coren Gray, 2012). Associations, for example, World Wildlife Fund, Antipodeans, Conservation International, Australian Volunteers, to give some examples, are offering volunteer the travel industry campaigns to Australians. The writing survey recognizes four inspirational subjects of social drenching, looking for fellowship, giving back, and holding openings among the portions of volunteer sightseers (McGehee Clemmons, 2008). The Orangutan Foundation in Central Kalimantan in Indonesian Borneo runs visits where volunteers can help with developing structures and fences to make sure about the wild orang-utans. The statement of purpose for the association illuminates us that the Orangutan Foundation goes past that of simply ensuring the orangu tan. Fundamentally it likewise incorporates an acknowledgment that orangutan living space is novel in its extravagance of biodiversity and vital for nearby networks, who are as dependant on the timberland similar to the orang-utan (Orangutan Foundation 2014, p. 1). Your assignment is to elevate its preservation procedure to Australian volunteer travelers. You are required to lead a writing audit on it. Answer: Official Summery An individual whose fervor and the liberal wish over creation favorable circumstances and who especially moves to a range to execute non-reflex work without remuneration for whatever cause that is ordinarily gotten together with difficulty, biological, assessment or open reasons and in the interim chase down to encounter the standard pieces of movement is all around known as an offer vacationer (Wearing, 2001). These typology of guests are guests who offer in a sifted through system to execute adventures that may solidify supporting or rewarding the substance difficulty of several portrayals of the social affair, the recuperation of specific environmental factors, or assessment concerning factors of get-together or air. This appearance of movement and preoccupation can also be associated with decision, transparent to goodness travel and loosening up that offers fundamentals to return and knowing and awards a profitable relationship among inhabitants and guests (Newsome, 2002). It can also be related to assessment travel and loosening up (Benson, 2011). (Wearing, 2001), in like way assistants volunteer the travel industry to participatory travel and beguilement, experience travel and loosening up, general aiding, and eco-the travel industry. It is consequently a blend of supporting inside movement and loosening up. (Reed, 2009), anyway is of the perspective that clarifications of volunteer the travel industry are so limited they don't depict the wide attributes of this model. Along these lines it is guaranteed to give that this kind of affiliations structure fills in as a learning contraption, develops and causes self-difference in the offer experience that changes into a ceaseless framework which creates for the authentic vacationer visit. This article will separate, through extra assessment, the possibility that volunteer the travel industry helps intercultural exchanges that supporter difficulty and sponsorships travel and diversion as neo-domain. It will clasp all the conceivable beneficial impact and benefits and furthermore al l conceivable horrible impacts that this industry accommodates the offer guests, the mixed sack nation and its family. These impacts will be gathers from instructive examination, their musings and from authentic frameworks as taught oversee by the parts. It would then be conceivable to review the guaranteed attributes of volunteer the travel industry and truly focus and affirm its certified capacity (Lee, 2010). Presentation (McGehee, 2005), delineated that voluntourism assessment is truly new and as being what is exhibited multifaceted experiences concerning voluntourists has still to be dejected down further. (Ace, 2000), recognize that way of life has two related significant standards. The basic is Ideological that is important to measures, measures, rules and conventions. The second is Material, this is fundamental to help and conduct (Birrell, 2010). These social blends would surely influence both nearby individuals and the offer. In the producer's perspective transient offer guests would have aggregated more mix way of life data than the inhabitants, anyway long haul helping would influence close by people's concept of social diverse assortments. It is henceforth the degree of relationship, for example, an offer vacationer, the length of remain; the wording interface and the longing to break down are key fragments that impact the qualities of socially different return (Wall, 2006). (Lamoureux, 2009), certifies that volunteer the travel industry is a substitute sort of movement and loosening up that depends on from a general perspective on cross-partition speculation and which combines a lot of gamers, for example, the government, private industry and city pack. He continue to explain that there are two relationship of Volunteer Handling Organizations to be specific, Volunteer Delivering Organizations and Volunteer Getting Organizations. He expresses that these affiliations must execute together to play out a successful volunteer the travel industry experience. (Lamoureux, 2009), genuinely underscores the need of venture in the midst of gamers and that a total motivation driving the planned exertion may not be advantage, yet rather the accomplishment of some social or natural uncommon. An empowering study performed by (Alexander, 2011), found that the translation that showed up as a depiction of voluntourism might be 'commitment in offer execute as a visitor', m entioning the verbalization as hypothesis, vacationer and offer execute. Seven premium contemplations where portrayed are: obligation, movement, joining, transmission, affiliations, hypothesis and commitment. In the creator's perspective these contemplations are like similar impacts of a normal visitor's understanding, regardless, the volunteers have a progressively obvious impact as they are increasingly excited and gotten together with the regular occupants as they execute their execute, and in like way experience contrasting return through the volunteer's execute responsibilities (McIntosh, 2007). A large portion of the seven coordinated effort thoughts are a sort of action to enable others to shy of stores particularly in instances of difficulty. By procedure for these assistance experiences, the volunteers may have amassed the data and better knowing about general issues, for example, regular decay and difficulty from straight getting less prosperous people. The subsequent grouping as depicted by (Alexander, 2011), offer perform, has incited five considerations, decision, blend of perform, exchange, timespan and specific reasons. These focuses all depend on upon the offer, the kind of wander and the sort of affiliation. There are different sorts of tasks accessible that are managed by a gathering of providers or passing on relationship around the world (Raymond, 2008), for example, the EU, Non-benefit Organizations, NGOs, Colleges a valid example Western Non-reflex Alternatives, Worldwide Learners Volunteers, Cross-Cultural Alternatives, Worldwide Volunteer Programs Organization, and so forth. As per (Lyons, 2008), NGOs are the better decision to different other ace affiliations paying little psyche to that they besides have some non-parcels in their association concerning conscious cutoff points. Because of huge deforestation, assessment and woodlands shoots, nature of the range's orang-utans is impacting and under driving forward hazard. As an effect, the mixed packs is quickly unprotected. The Matang Wild Life Center is a shelter for orang-utans which have been staying hurt, abandoned or have been spared, for the most part as because of these threats. The middle works perseveringly to in reverse this example in differing ways, and is overall rich by the joint effort of volunteers. Orang-utan chips in on this wander respect the bewildering wild condition of Kubah Nation Park as their own fenced in area, and execute as a part of a social event despite the adjoining organizations to help the middle through updating developing necessities, offering change for the orang-utans and supporting with progress meanders around the purpose of assembly. This permits the Sarawak Forestry Organization (who handle the inside which is constrained by the Sarawak government) to concentrate on recuperation of the orang-utans and the purpose of intermingling's different animals, and along these lines further their security. Partaking in this orang-utan offer wander awards volunteers to pure and simple get remembered for the activities of this astonishing Matang Wild Life Center and it is an amazing joint effort, helping to improve the ways of life of the orang-utans and perform towards their unavoidable security Writing Review As per (Palacios, 2010), instructive examination and editorialists have discovered some volunteer the travel industry conditions where experiences don't appear to push basic bits of finding out about difficulty, where overall premiums are sifted through over ordinary ones and where passing on affiliations and offer guests similarly regularly get a more critical number of focal concentrations than the exposed. (Palacios, 2010), was making reference to this issue when during the 2000s there was gathering question on the issue. (C.M., 2012), claims that the request with respect to who gets more would be superfluous if volunteer the travel industry was not to give convincing urge anyway rather to plug normal considering and intercultural knowing. Palacios clashes the way that volunteers have taken in the knowing in general difficulty and social occasion ability. Despite how this is in no way, shape or form ruinous, it can beneficial inspiration to increasingly achievable and communitaria n decisions later on. On this equivalent exchange, Palacios ensures voluntourism as normality when the focal point of a

Reputations In Othello Essays - Othello, Iago, Michael Cassio

Notorieties In Othello Notorieties of the primary characters and its job in Othello In the play Othello composed by William Shakespeare, the topic of notoriety was a significant piece of what made the play disastrous. Notoriety was so significant in the play that it could have offered knowledge to characters or permitted characters to have controlled others and it took into consideration the awfulness of Othello to have been unfurled. Notoriety of characters was a significant factor for all the characters in Othello yet notoriety was generally significant for Iago, Othello and Cassio. At the point when Shakespeare composed Othello he proposed for the peruser to have investigated the subject of notoriety so the peruser could have comprehended where characters and the plot of the story had created from. Notoriety assumed a significant job in how the peruser was intended to have seen the characters of the play. Iago had a faultless notoriety, he was considered so faithful and caring he was referred to all through a large portion of the novel as ?honest?(II.iii.329) Iago. Iago is viewed as a nearby buddy of Othello just as Cassio, and Iago had a profound loathe for both of these men and realized his notoriety could assist him with getting his vengeance on them. Iago comprehended that notoriety had such a major impact in how individuals saw an individual, that dependent on his notoriety he could have turned into a tricky foe without an issue. Iago demonstrated the purpose of a notoriety's significance when needed to leave Roderigo in act one, in such a case that Iago stayed it would look this Iago was a swindler to Othello and this would blemish his notoriety. Iago clarified why he should leave by his announcement, ?Though I do detest him as I do damnation torments, Yet for need of pre sent life I should give out a banner and indication of love?(I. i.159-161). At the point when Iago expressed this he demonstrated notoriety was extremly significant in light of the fact that it indicated how his takeoff from the scene and keeping his notoriety he could work within track for himself and Roderigo. Iago's repuatation permitted him to be tricky and this gave him certain points of interest in any case not accessible to him. On the off chance that notoriety was not all that significant Iago would not have been so profoundly respected by numerous individuals, and if Iago was not an adored individual his thought processes may have been found before in the play. The notoriety of the foe of the play was not by any means the only notoriety essential to the play however the disastrous legend's and the impetus' notoriety additionally assumed a significant job to the play. Othello the awful saint of this play had a notoriety that helped him raise himself up in the public eye. Othello's notoriety filled a few needs all through the play, first it demonstrated he was a decent and honorable individual, also it won Desdemona over for him and ultimately it helped him avoid inconvenience in light of his regarded position in the public arena. Othello's notoriety spares him from the encounter with Barbantio just as won him a spouse. Othello demonstrated this when he was gone up against with taking Desdemona away from Barbantio and the Duke and the legislators tuned in to Othello when he expressed, ?She adored me for the threats I had passed, And I cherished her that she pitied them. This just is the black magic I have used?(I.iii.166-169). Othello advised the congresspersons this to show Desdemona was prevailed upon dependent on Othello's notoriety and his history. The Duke and representatives seem to pass judgment on Othello less brutally when they offer their thoughts on the circumstance since Othello's notoriety describes him as a saint and steadfast solider that is very much regarded This model is unmistakably indicated when Barbantio first stated, ?For nature so unbelievably to err,?(I.iii.64) by this he implies nature's blunder in blending light and darker looking individuals. We can perceive how the representatives and the Duke immediately adjusted their perspective when they initially expressed, ?And you of her, the ridiculous book of the law,?(I.iii.63) they the Duke stated, ?What, in your own part, would you be able to state to this(I.iii.76). Othello gets the capacity to have a state before the gathering in view of his notoriety if Othello was another darker looking individual who realizes what might

Kirkpatrick, Jeane Duane Jordan

Kirkpatrick, Jeane Duane Jordan Kirkpatrick, Jeane Duane Jordan kûrkpa ´trik, kûrpa ´â€" [key], 1926â€"2006, U.S. public official, b. Duncan, Okla. Originally a Democrat, she was professor of political science (1967â€"1980, 1986â€"2002) at Georgetown Univ. when President Reagan chose her (1981â€"85) to be the U.S. permanent representative to the United Nations . There she gained a reputation for independent thought and pointed advocacy of U.S. positions, often criticizing the United Nations itself. Upon leaving the United Nations, she became a Republican and returned to teaching at Georgetown. She also served on several government commissions and was associated with the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative thinktank, from 1978 until her death. Among her books are Political Women (1974) and Dictatorships and Double Standards (1982). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Bi ographies

The Revolution Of The American Revolution - 1362 Words

Every 4th of July, Americans are told the story of the American Revolution. We remember the oppressed colonists fighting against the tyrannical King George III and the formidable red coats. Patriotic heroes are remembered, evil kings are cursed, and the liberties and freedoms won from the war are celebrated. Though America often likes to look back to the revolution, the question of just how much a revolution was the American Revolution is rarely asked. While the American revolution was not as radical of a revolution as we like to remember today, it still changed the political, social, and ideological aspects substantially of the thirteen colonies. Americans deservedly have to rite to remember the revolution, regardless to the fact of if there was true reason to start one, as a true full fledged revolution. To decide just how much of a revolution the American Revolution was, one has to first explain what a revolution is. As defined by Princeton University, a revolution The overthrow of a government by those who are governed In accordance with this definition, for a protest to considered revolution, the established government must be overthrown by the people it governs over. The American Revolution easily fulfills this definition. The British government was overthrown by those it governed, the colonists. Since this criteria is met, the American Revolution can be considered a technical revolution. But to understand of just how much of a revolution the separation ofShow MoreRelatedThe American Revolution : The Revolution1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution Revolutionizes the World It was the first revolution to majorly succeed and change how people saw their countries, it was the American Revolution. 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There are many considerable factors, yet none of them have been pinned down as the true reason (SparkNote Editors). The French Revolution started as a rebellion for equality, but eventually turned out to be more and show the problems throughout the French government. As said before, there is no exact reasoning behind the French Revolution. but there are many possible factors. One

Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus Ideas

Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus Ideas Facts, Fiction and Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus As good because it is to use various quotes in most every paper, you likewise don't need to overdo it. You can purchase an essay from our group of professional writers and utilize it like a template to make your own masterpiece. Simply speaking, this sort of essay requires you to examine the smaller regions of the work to help shed light on the bigger picture. If you're writing a rhetorical analysis essay, perhaps, you will perform your bit of writing facing a massive audience. The Tried and True Method for Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus in Step by Step Detail Sophocles also had an exceptional view of the completely free will as being used to hold responsible as a way to shape various facets of human lives. He's a man of terrific pride and passion who's intent on serving Thebes, but he doesn't have tragic stature until the evidence of his guilt starts to accumulate. High school isn't free in Kenya. One of the most usual varieties of analysis that college and higher school students perform. The Good, the Bad and Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus Well, it isn't virtually mashing the 2 varieties of essays together and hoping everything works out. Tiresas can observe things clearly even though he's blind. It is whenever the vagueness of the story began to diminish, acquiring a brighter view of prediction of what is going to happen next. Another unfair thing, it's. A Secret Weapon for Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus You should offer information which is pertinent to your thesis. It will vary dependent on the subject of discussion and the thesis statement that's created. Choose topics which you're most interested about or that which is timely and you wish to have a deeper investigation. The evidence should directly relate to the claim to provide a great stream of ideas in the subject. What you wil l need is is a blueprinta foolproof approach to receive your essay structured. Before you commence working on an analytical essay you've got to start with analytical essay definition. You should certainly search for an analytical essay example. There are various sorts of essays that I would assume most of you are already acquainted with. Sophocles is among the dramatists that's been greatly celebrated. Your essay has to be logical and simple to read. Whenever your analytical essay is all typed up, they can let you make certain it's as great as it can get. Keep in mind it is not a narrative essay, rather an essay that is directed at analyzing the subject. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus In addition, the manner that others speak to him must get an influence on the manner he views himself. Sometimes utilizing a hook statement can be effective, but it's not required. Perhaps, even more the being a universal price, the notion of truth is just a fundamental price, because there are few instances and written works which don't, in at least some sense, are based on the value of truth as a way to infuse the plot with meaning and depth. It's good there are options to select from but if you don't understand how to distinguish good and bad writing support, it can impact the end pro duct you get. These points offer you some ideas on what questions you may ask regarding their services. You are able to use this to your advantage to be sure that you have each of your bases covered. There are a couple aspects to look for that can produce the selection process much easier without the bother. The Little-Known Secrets to Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus Oedipus Rex is most likely the most renowned tragedy ever written. Oedipus makes it rather apparent that he'll do anything it requires to discover the murderer and for the townspeople to reveal any information they may have. Owing to these characteristics Oedipus was able to resolve the riddle offered to him by the Sphinx. At this case,f Oedipus was determined to be aware of the truth about his life. Details which were provided about Oedipus the King indicate that the play is quite intriguing. Oedipus's desire to acquire knowledge which will help to rid Thebes of its pollution is evident from the start of the play. Creon returns, bringing great news. Analytical Essay Format Samples for Oedipus Fundamentals Explained Incompliance with format and outline can diminish your grade, and this is hardly something you wish to occur. Proofreading is the main region of the post writing process. Not only do you have to remember to incorporate the citation, you also ought to make sure you're employing the proper method to achieve that. You also have to supply a reference page at the conclusion of your paper for additional particulars of the original sources. There's no particular style for the introduction, but background information has become the most frequent system of approach. Usually employed for extra info and statistics.

Foundation and Empire 8. To Trantor Free Essays

Devers bent over the little dead globe, watching for a tiny sign of life. The directional control was slowly and thoroughly sieving space with its jabbing tight sheaf of signals. Barr watched patiently from his seat on the low cot in the comer, He asked, â€Å"No more signs of them?† â€Å"The Empire boys? No. We will write a custom essay sample on Foundation and Empire 8. To Trantor or any similar topic only for you Order Now † The trader growled the words with evident impatience. â€Å"We lost the scuppers long ago. Space! With the blind jumps we took through hyperspace, it’s lucky we didn’t land up in a sun’s belly. They couldn’t have followed us even if they outranged us, which they didn’t.† He sat back and loosened his collar with a jerk. â€Å"I don’t know what those Empire boys have done here. I think some of the gaps are out of alignment.† â€Å"I take it, then, you’re trying to get to the Foundation.† â€Å"I’m calling the Association – or trying to.† â€Å"The Association? Who are they?† â€Å"Association of Independent Traders. Never heard of it, huh? Well, you’re not alone. We haven’t made our splash yet!† For a while there was a silence that centered about the unresponsive Reception Indicator, and Barr said, â€Å"Are you within range?† â€Å"I don’t know. I haven’t but a small notion where we are, going by dead reckoning. That’s why I have to use directional control. It could take years, you know.† â€Å"Might it?† Barr pointed; and Devers jumped and adjusted his earphones. Within the little murky sphere there was a tiny glowing whiteness. For half an hour, Devers nursed the fragile, groping thread of communication that reached through hyperspace to connect two points that laggard light would take five hundred years to bind together. Then he sat back, hopelessly. He looked up, and shoved the earphones back. â€Å"Let’s eat, doc. There’s a needle-shower you can use if you want to, but go easy on the hot water.† He squatted before one of the cabinets that lined one wall and felt through the contents. â€Å"You’re not a vegetarian, I hope?† Barr said, â€Å"I’m omnivorous. But what about the Association. Have you lost them?† â€Å"Looks so. It was extreme range, a little too extreme. Doesn’t matter, though. I got all that counted.† He straightened, and placed the two metal containers upon the table. â€Å"Just give it five minutes, doc, then slit it open by pushing the contact. It’ll be plate, food, and fork – sort of handy for when you’re in a hurry, if you’re not interested in such incidentals as napkins. I suppose you want to know what I got out of the Association.† â€Å"If it isn’t a secret.† Devers shook his head. â€Å"Not to you. What Riose said was true.† â€Å"About the offer of tribute?† â€Å"Uh-huh. They offered it, and had it refused. Things are bad. There’s fighting in the outer suns of Loris.† â€Å"Loris is close to the Foundation?† â€Å"Huh? Oh, you wouldn’t know. It’s one of the original Four Kingdoms. You might call it part of the inner line of defense. That’s not the worst. They’ve been fighting large ships previously never encountered. Which means Riose wasn’t giving us the works. He has received more ships. Brodrig has switched sides, and I have messed things up.† His eyes were bleak as he joined the food-container contact-points and watched it fall open neatly. The stewlike dish steamed its aroma through the room. Ducem Barr was already eating. â€Å"So much,† said Barr, â€Å"for improvisations, then. We can do nothing here; we can not cut through the Imperial lines to return to the Foundation; we can do nothing but that which is most sensible – to wait patiently. However, if Riose has reached the inner line I trust the wait will not be too long.† And Devers put down his fork. â€Å"Wait, is it?† he snarled, glowering. â€Å"That’s all right for you. You’ve got nothing at stake.† â€Å"Haven’t I?† Barr smiled thinly. â€Å"No. In fact, I’ll tell you.† Devers’ irritation skimmed the surface. â€Å"I’m tired of looking at this whole business as if it were an interesting something-or-other on a microscope slide. I’ve got friends somewhere out there, dying; and a whole world out there, my home, dying also. You’re an outsider. You don’t know.† â€Å"I have seen friends die.† The old man’s hands were limp in his lap and his eyes were closed. â€Å"Are you married?† Devers said, â€Å"Traders don’t marry.† â€Å"Well, I have two sons and a nephew. They have been warned, but – for reasons – they could take no action. Our escape means their death. My daughter and my two grandchildren have, I hope, left the planet safety before this, but even excluding them, I have already risked and lost more than you.† Devers was morosely savage. â€Å"I know. But that was a matter of choice. You might have played ball with Riose. I never asked you to-â€Å" Barr shook his head. â€Å"It was not a matter of choice, Devers. Make your conscience free, I didn’t risk my sons for you. I co-operated with Riose as long as I dared. But there was the Psychic Probe.† The Siwennian patrician opened his eyes and they were sharp with pain. â€Å"Riose came to me once; it was over a year ago. He spoke of a cult centering about the magicians, but missed the truth. It is not quite a cult. You see, it is forty years now that Siwenna has been gripped in the same unbearable vise that threatens your world. Five revolts have been ground out. Then I discovered the ancient records of Hari Seldon – and now this ‘cult’ waits. â€Å"It waits for the coming of the ‘magicians’ and for that day it is ready. My sons are leaders of those who wait. It is that secret which is in my mind and which the Probe must never touch. And so they must die as hostages; for the alternative is their death as rebels and half of Siwenna with them. You see, I had no choice! And I am no outsider.† Devers’ eyes fell, and Barr continued softly, â€Å"It is on a Foundation victory that Siwenna’s hopes depend. It is for a Foundation victory that my sons are sacrificed. And Hari Seldon does not pre-calculate the inevitable salvation of Siwenna as he does that of the Foundation. I have no certainty for my people – only hope.† â€Å"But you are still satisfied to wait. Even with the Imperial Navy at Loris.† â€Å"I would wait, in perfect confidence,† said Barr, simply, â€Å"if they had landed on the planet, Terminus, itself.† The trader frowned hopelessly. â€Å"I don’t know. It can’t really work like that; not just like magic. Psychohistory or not, they’re terribly strong, and we’re weak. What can Setdon do about it?† â€Å"There’s nothing to do. It’s all already done. It’s proceeding now. Because you don’t hear the wheels turning and the gongs beating doesn’t mean it’s any the less certain.† â€Å"Maybe; but I wish you had cracked Riose’s skull for keeps. He’s more the enemy than all his army.† â€Å"Cracked his skull? With Brodrig his second in command?† Barr’s face sharpened with hate. â€Å"All Siwenna would have been my hostage. Brodrig has proven his worth long since. There exists a world which five years ago lost one male in every ten – and simply for failure to meet outstanding taxes. This same Brodrig was the tax-collector. No, Riose may live. His punishments are mercy in comparison.† â€Å"But six months, six months, in the enemy Base, with nothing to show for it.† Devers’ strong hands clasped each other tautly, so that his knuckles cracked. â€Å"Nothing to show for it!† â€Å"Well, now, wait. You remind me-† Barr fumbled in his pouch. â€Å"You might want to count this.† And he tossed the small sphere of metal on the table. Devers snatched it. â€Å"What is it?† â€Å"The message capsule. The one that Riose received just before I jacked him. Does that count as something?† â€Å"I don’t know. Depends on what’s in it!† Devers sat down and turned it over carefully in his hand. When Barr stepped from his cold shower and, gratefully, into the mild warm current of the air dryer, he found Devers silent and absorbed at the workbench. The Siwennian slapped his body with a sharp rhythm and spoke above the punctuating sounds. â€Å"What are you doing?† Devers looked up. Droplets of perspiration glittered in his beard. â€Å"I’m going to open this capsule.† â€Å"Can you open it without Riose’s personal characteristic?† There was mild surprise in the Siwennian’s voice. â€Å"If I can’t, I’ll resign from the Association and never skipper a ship for what’s left of my life. I’ve got a three-way electronic analysis of the interior now, and I’ve got little jiggers that the Empire never heard of, especially made for jimmying capsules. I’ve been a burglar before this, y’know. A trader has to be something of everything.† He bent low over the little sphere, and a small flat instrument probed delicately and sparked redly at each fleeting contact. He said, â€Å"This capsule is a crude job, anyway. These Imperial boys are no shakes at this small work. I can see that. Ever see a Foundation capsule? It’s half the size and impervious to electronic analysis in the first place.† And then he was rigid, the shoulder muscles beneath his tunic tautening visibly. His tiny probe pressed slowly- It was noiseless when it came, but Devers; relaxed and sighed. In his hand was the shining sphere with its message unrolled like a parchment tongue. â€Å"It’s from Brodrig,† he said. Then, with contempt, â€Å"The message medium is permanent. In a Foundation capsule, the message would be oxidized to gas within the minute.† But Ducem Barr waved him silent. He read the message quickly. FROM: AMMEL BRODRIG, ENVOY EXTRAORDINARY OF HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY, PRIVY SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL, AND PEER OF THE REALM. TO: BEL RIOSE, MILITARY GOVERNOR OF SIWENNA. GENERAL OF THE IMPERIAL FORCES, AND PEER OF THE REALM. I GREET YOU. PLANET #1120 NO LONGER RESISTS. THE PLANS OF OFFENSE AS OUTLINED CONTINUE SMOOTHLY. THE ENEMY WEAKENS VISIBLY AND THE ULTIMATE ENDS IN VIEW WILL SURELY BE GAINED. Barr raised his head from the almost microscopic print and cried bitterly, â€Å"The fool! The forsaken blasted fop! That a message?† â€Å"Huh?† said Devers. He was vaguely disappointed. â€Å"It says nothing,† ground out Barr. â€Å"Our lick-spittle courtier is playing at general now. With Riose away, he is the field commander and must sooth his paltry spirit by spewing out his pompous reports concerning military affairs he has nothing to do with. ‘So-and-so planet no longer resists.’ ‘The offensive moves on.’ ‘The enemy weakens.’ The vacuum-headed peacock.† â€Å"Well, now, wait a minute. Hold on-â€Å" â€Å"Throw it away.† The old man turned away in mortification. â€Å"The Galaxy knows I never expected it to be world-shakingly important, but in wartime it is reasonable to assume that even the most routine order left undelivered might hamper military movements and lead to complications later. It’s why I snatched it. But this! Better to have left it. It would have wasted a minute of Riose’s time that will now be put to more constructive use.† But Devers had arisen. â€Å"Will you hold on and stop throwing your weight around? For Seldon’s sake-â€Å" He held out the sliver of message before Barr’s nose, â€Å"Now read that again. What does he mean by ‘ultimate ends in view’?† â€Å"The conquest of the Foundation. Well?† â€Å"Yes? And maybe he means the conquest of the Empire. You know he believes that to be the ultimate end.† â€Å"And if he does?† â€Å"If he does!† Devers’ one-sided smile was lost in his beard. â€Å"Why, watch then, and I’ll show you.† With one finger the lavishly monogrammed sheet of message-parchment was thrust back into its slot. With a soft twang, it disappeared and the globe was a smooth, unbroken whole again. Somewhere inside was the tiny oiled whir of the controls as they lost their setting by random movements. â€Å"Now there is no known way of opening this capsule without knowledge of Riose’s personal characteristic, is there?† â€Å"To the Empire, no,† said Barr. â€Å"Then the evidence it contains is unknown to us and absolutely authentic.† â€Å"To the Empire, yes,† said Barr. â€Å"And the Emperor can open it, can’t he? Personal Characteristics of Government officials must be on file. We keep records of our officials at the Foundation.† â€Å"At the Imperial capital as well,† agreed Barr. â€Å"Then when you, a Siwennian patrician and Peer of the Realm, tell this Cleon, this Emperor, that his favorite tame-parrot and his shiniest general are getting together to knock him over, and hand him the capsule as evidence, what will he think Brodrig’s ‘ultimate ends’ are?† Barr sat down weakly. â€Å"Wait, I don’t follow you.† He stroked one thin cheek, and said, â€Å"You’re not really serious, are you?† â€Å"I am.† Devers was angrily excited. â€Å"Listen, nine out of the last ten Emperors got their throats cut, or their gizzards blasted out by one or another of their generals with bigtime notions in their heads. You told me that yourself more than once. Old man Emperor would believe us so fast it would make Riose’s head swim.† Barr muttered feebly, â€Å"He is serious, For the Galaxy’s sake, man, you can’t beat a Seldon crisis by a far-fetched, impractical, storybook scheme like that. Suppose you had never got hold of the capsule. Suppose Brodrig hadn’t used the word ‘ultimate.’ Seldon doesn’t depend on wild luck.† â€Å"If wild luck comes our way, there’s no law says Seldon can’t take advantage of it.† â€Å"Certainly. But†¦ but,† Barr stopped, then spoke calmly but with visible restraint. â€Å"Look, in the first place, how will you get to the planet Trantor? You don’t know its location in space, and I certainly don’t remember the co-ordinates, to say nothing of the ephemerae. You don’t even know your own position in space.† â€Å"You can’t get lost in space,† grinned Devers. He was at the controls already. â€Å"Down we go to the nearest planet, and back we come with complete bearings and the best navigation charts Brodrig’s hundred thousand smackers can buy.† â€Å"And a blaster in our belly. Our descriptions are probably in every planet in this quarter of the Empire.† â€Å"Doc,† said Devers, patiently, â€Å"don’t be a hick tom the sticks. Riose said my ship surrendered too easily and, brother, he wasn’t kidding. This ship has enough fire-power and enough juice in its shield to hold off anything we’re Rely to meet this deep inside the frontier. And we have personal shields, too. The Empire boys never found them, you know, but they weren’t meant to be found.† â€Å"All fight,† said Barr, â€Å"all right. Suppose yourself on Trantor. How do you see the Emperor then? You think he keeps office hours?† â€Å"Suppose we worry about that on Trantor,† said Devers. And Barr muttered helplessly, â€Å"All right again. I’ve wanted to see Trantor before I die for half a century now. Have your way.† The hypernuclear motor was cut in. The lights flickered and there was the slight internal wrench that marked the shift into hyperspace. How to cite Foundation and Empire 8. To Trantor, Essay examples

Interpol Key Factors of Success Essay Example

Interpol: Key Factors of Success Essay Today we are witnessing the creation of a new society, in which nation-states develop new long-lasting connections between each other. Political, economic and social interactions between the states call for development of International Organizations (IO) that can regulate and contribute to the international system. With the creation of IOs, another issue arose – how can IOs function in the world still accustomed to sovereignty of states, will they have a mostly positive effect on the global community and what makes an IO efficient.This research will primarily focus on efficacy of IOs, using INTERPOL as the subject of its study in order to demonstrate what factors make an IO efficient and under what conditions. PURPOSE STATEMET The purpose of this qualitative study is to identify a relation between the INTERPOL’s mission and the conditions that promote or impede achieving INTERPOL’s objectives. This study will contribute to a general understanding of what can make an IO efficient and under what circumstances IOs functions can be curtailed by a nation-state’s government. HYPOTHESISInternational Organizations play an effective role in the international system if the scope of cooperation is limited to issues to where mutual interest is obvious, where cooperation does not distract from the pre-existing initiatives already being undertaken within the states, but instead enhances those efforts. INTERPOL has proven to be an efficient organization because its mission of fighting crime in majority of cases goes along with already existing interests of states’ governments. RESEARCH QUESTION The proposed research will be guided by the following questions: 1.What determines whether or not an IO is efficient? 2. What is the definition of INTERPOL’s efficacy? 3. What factors contribute to INTERPOL’s success? 4. Under what circumstances INTERPOL is unable to carry out its mission? 5. What makes IOs efficient instruments in build ing the future global society? REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE â€Å"Policing World Society: Historical Foundations of International Police Cooperation† by Mathieu Deflem of Oxford University. Mathieu Deflem focused his research on uncovering factors that make international police an effective tool in fighting crime.His study is based on an array of historical data on international cooperation. He points out that existence of common interests between international law enforcement and sovereign states remains one of the most contributing variables to ensuring international cooperation. In his words, â€Å"the greater the extent to which international police institutions can rely on a common organizational interest in the fight against international crime, the greater is the chance that those institutions will participate in international police cooperation† (Deflem 2002, 22).In 1998, Mike Muth in his article â€Å"Interpol: Your Best Resource for International Investigationâ €  discussed similar issues of international police functions related to the states’ sovereignty. His analysis demonstrated that the key to Interpol’s efficiency lies in its adherence to neutrality. According to Muth, Interpol avoids interfering in local political or military activities, and in return, local governments allow Interpol to fulfill its mission of fighting global crime. John Imhoff and Stephen Cutler included a study on why certain countries cooperate with Interpol in their article â€Å"Interpol: Helping Police Around the World. Imhoff and Cutler emphasize the importance of international law enforcement system in the world of high technology. According to their study, global crime has no political borders and state law enforcement agencies are often powerless in their efforts to ensure security when criminals cannot be contained within their borders. This article contributes to a larger issue of the role and the effect IOs should have in the XXI centu ry. Along with the expansion of the international crime other issues spill over national borders and call for interference on the global level.Another article presents an interesting study on the efficiency of Interpol. Malcolm Anderson published his article â€Å"Policing the World: Interpol and the Politics of International Police Co-operation† in 1991, eight years prior to Imhoff and Cutler work and eleven years before Deflem’s article was written, but he highlights very much the same issues: what prompts states to cooperate and what Interpol can do to encourage the states’ efforts to assist Interpol in its mission. This study presents a plentiful source of cases of cooperation between states and Interpol.However, it did not focus on specific factors that in general pave the road to such cooperation. Another important contribution to the topic of what makes Interpol’s strategies efficient was made by Michael Barnett and Liv Coleman. They took a new app roach to the issue of cooperation between the state and the IO. There are a number of studies on the state’s behavior in this equation, but Barnett’s and Coleman’s article focuses on what strategies IOs can choose from in order to act â€Å"in response to changing environmental pressures and constraints that potentially threaten their relevance and resource base† (Barnett and Coleman 2005, 593).Barnett and Coleman propose six different approaches that IOs can undertake – â€Å"acquiescence, compromise, avoidance, defiance, manipulation, and strategic social construction† (Barnett and Coleman 2005, 599). This study presents a valuable analysis on how IOs, Interpol in particular, can ensure the safety of their mission. This study however left some room for researching convergence of interests between IOs and state-actors, and how building on states’ needs and existing institutional design can enhance Interpol’s efficiency.Victor Cha in his article â€Å"Globalization and the Study of International Security† puts two salient issues together: globalization and security. The article was written in 2000, before global security became and obvious priority as a result of the 9/11 attacks. Cha pointed out the â€Å"unprecedented† need for cooperation between states and international players. In his words, â€Å"globalization puts unprecedented bureaucratic innovation pressures on governments in their search for security, and created multilateralist pressures to cooperate with substate and transnational partners rather than traditional allies† (Cha 2000, 397).This study supports the hypothesis of this research in its suggestion that common interests promote cooperation between states and IOs. Global security and fighting transnational crime are the examples used in this article as existing common interests. The article â€Å"Political Groups, Leader Change, and the Pattern of International Coo peration† by Alastair Smith, published by the Journal of Conflict Resolution in 2009, takes on a wider subject of international cooperation. This thorough mixed study looks into factors and patterns affecting states’ decision to favor one or the other group.Smith pointed out how domestic politics can play a major role in international cooperation by stating that â€Å"a nation can selectively withhold cooperation from one group to influence the domestic political competition between groups in another nation† (Smith 2009, 855). The article provids much needed insight on general patterns of international cooperation and contributed to shaping the framework of the given research on international organizations and the efficiency of Interpol. It allows room for a closer look at what makes IOs and Interpol in particular effective in carrying out their missions.In conclusion, there have been numerous studies about the significance and conditions of international coopera tion, specifically between the state-actors and international organizations. Several articles looking into this issue have built their arguments on the example of the Interpol. The scope of these articles appears to be broad, with their purpose to depict a bigger picture of what factors contribute to the efficiency of the Interpol and IOs in general. Further research is necessary in order to study the effect of one important factor – existing interests of the state and the mission of the IO.METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH STRATEGY The independent variable in this study is the INTERPOL’s efficiency in carrying out its mission. It is therefore important to define the term efficiency in given setting. Efficiency in general is the degree to which the purpose of the organization is fulfilled. In order to understand what makes an IO efficient, it is critical to understand the nature of its mission. Interpol’s main objective is â€Å"preventing and fighting crime through enh anced international police cooperation† (Rohn 2001, 270).Cooperation is the key word in this statement, therefore, the degree of the INTERPOL’s efficiency can be judged by the level of cooperation between states and INTERPOL. The dependent variables are states’ willingness to cooperate on INTERPOL’s efforts to fight crime, states’ own political interests, and INTERPOL’s methods of fulfilling its mission. This qualitative research is based on data collected from several studies on INTERPOL and on international cooperation between states and IOs and on historical examples f the state’s cooperation with INTERPOL on specific issues. This analysis will be built on reasons for state’s cooperation, which will tie the conclusion to the hypothesis. Possible counterpoints will be identified. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS Since the very first International Criminal Police Congress was held in Monaco in 1914, INTERPOL has repeatedly demonstrated it s skill to assist crime fighting efforts around the globe and has shown that it is indeed one of the most efficient international organizations.Working under its banner â€Å"Connecting police for a safer world† (About INTERPOL 2013), this organization â€Å"offers a wide range of services, including forensic analyses, offers means to exchange and generate regional data, and coordinates joint operational activities among member countries† (Benyon 1994, 499). By constructing this combined framework, INTERPOL assists local police in identifying crime trends, conducting data analysis and operations and, ultimately, INTERPOL helps countries to â€Å"arrest as many criminals as possible† (About INTERPOL 2013).As we can see, INTERPOL’s mission to â€Å"arrest as many criminal as possible† is an apolitical one and almost always goes along with the states’ own interests to fight crime. In addition, INTERPOL emphasizes its neutrality. The organizatio n strives to facilitate international police cooperation even in the countries where diplomatic relations do not exist between certain states. As it is stated on the INTERPOL’s website, â€Å"action is taken within the limits of existing laws in different countries and in the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights† (About INTERPOL 2013).INTERPOL’s Constitution also â€Å"prohibits ‘any intervention or activities of a political, military, religious or racial character† (Ibid). Neutrality is a vital variable in search for factors that make IOs effective in their work. Neutral stance eliminates risk of IOs being perceived as a threat by the states’ governments. In respect of sovereignty, INTERPOL generally steers away from interfering with domestic affairs. Mike Muth pointed out that â€Å"INTERPOL was never designed to be an international police force† (Muth 1998, 5). John Imhoff and Stephen Cutler also highlighted theINTERP OL’s role as a universal tool for the police of its members-states and not an international law-enforcement agency. As a result of such policies on non-involvement, INTERPOL can boast many instances of international cooperation. The INTERPOL’s directorate admits that cooperation is vital to the mission’s success. The website states that â€Å"transnational crime cannot be tackled in isolation; its reach is wider than traditional law enforcement. Partnerships with other organizations and the private and public sectors are essential to tackle challenges in common areas† (About INTERPOL 2013).Another study from Crime Control Digest concurs that â€Å"the global fight against international crime and terrorism will be most efficient if international police information can be shared at local, regional and international levels† (Anonymous 2004, 3). Indeed, INTERPOL has over 60 agreements with other IOs; it finds support from the UN and receives external f unding from the members of G8 and its help with development of the International Child Sex Exploitation Image Database (About INTERPOL 2013). Such wide support can be attributed to shared goals – fighting international crime.Besides other international organizations, INTERPOL has secured cooperation from many countries that could be called â€Å"difficult† when it comes to diplomatic relationship. One of such examples is INTERPOL’s and Russia’s joined efforts in comprehending suspects. According to Timur Lakhonin, the head of the Russian National Central Bureau of INTERPOL, â€Å"as many as 1,385 people are currently on the INTERPOL’s database at Russian law enforcement agencies’ initiative† (â€Å"Russia Searching 1385 People Through INTERPOL† 2009).Among these defendants and convicts, 329 people were wanted for murder (Ibid). Morocco is another case of INTERPOL’s successful efforts to cooperate with local law enforceme nt. Marrakesh became a host to the first INTERPOL â€Å"Trafficking in Illicit Goods Seminar for Middle East and North Africa Region† (â€Å"Morocco Hosts†¦Ã¢â‚¬  2013). The seminar was intended for senior police and law enforcement officials. The event was co-hosted with Morocco’s General Directorate for National Safety, â€Å"the three-day seminar (2-4 April) rought together some 75 police, customs and prosecutors from 15 countries across the region: Algeria, Comoros, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia, UAE and Yemen† (Ibid). Among other motives for cooperation, fighting cyber-crime became the highlight of the visit of the Serbian Ministry of Interior, Vladimir Bozovic, to the INTERPOL Global Complex for Innovation (IGCI). At Serbia’s initiative, â€Å"as cybercrime is a growing problem in Serbia and throughout the region, meetings with INTERPOL Secretary General Ronald K.Noble reviewed the Organization’s current and future activities in this area, including the creation of a Digital Crime Centre within the IGCI to offer support for cybercrime investigations† (â€Å"Serbia Visit to INTERPOL†¦Ã¢â‚¬  2013). In another demonstration of cooperation between INTERPOL and nation-states, â€Å"INTERPOL and a consortium of five European partners have created a prototype system to assist with the quick identification of victims or missing persons following a natural or man-made disaster or in daily policing† (â€Å"INTERPOL and European Partners†¦Ã¢â‚¬  2013).The FASTID project (the FAST and efficient international disaster victim identification) was developed with help of â€Å"the German Federal Criminal Police Bundeskriminalant (BKA), the IOSB and IGD Institutes of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft in Germany, Danish company PlassData, the University of Dundee and Crabbe Consulting Ltd, with co-funding from the European Union’s Seventh framework programme (FP7)† (Ibid). Once the program is fully implemented, the provided database will become as the first centralized, global database for identifying and linking missing persons.The recent arrest in Kiev ‘s international airport of two fugitives wanted in the UAE for a substantial jewelry theft is another example of international police cooperation. The two suspects, one from Turkey and the other from Azerbaijan, were â€Å"the subject of a global alert known as an INTERPOL diffusion issued by INTERPOL’s National Central Bureau (NCB) in Abu Dhabi† (â€Å"INTERPOL Commend Arrest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  2013). Theft is a criminal activity condemned in all countries, and apprehension of the suspects became the shared interest of several states: Ukraine, UAE, Turkey and Azerbaijan.Their efforts were effectively coordinated by INTERPOL. INTERPOL also successfully demonstrated its ability to cooperate with â€Å"trouble† states. Libya, still not ful ly recovered after recent major political shifts and not yet certain on its stance regarding its future policies, allowed INTERPOL to assist in â€Å"the recovery of assets stolen during the Gaddafi regime and help enhance national and regional security† (â€Å"Libya Mission to Advance Recovery†¦Ã¢â‚¬  2013). INTERPOL has offered its help with an issue serving Libya’s interests: recovering assets and enhancing security.Such tactics provided INTERPOL with the cooperation of the Libyan government and its law enforcement forces, fulfilling INTERPOL’s goal and deeming it an efficient international organization. Examples of cooperation between INTERPOL and the states’ governments are endless. One could mention such widely publicized instances of teamwork as INTERPOL’s involvement in solving Russian airport bombing, assisting countries of South America in tracking counterfeit goods and coordinating efforts of Italian and Singapore police in appreh ension of an international match-fixer red-listed by INTERPOL.All these examples share one common thread – INTERPOL was acting along the preexisting interests of the state’s government. It therefore becomes apparent that building on mutual interests can provide the IO with the state’s support and increase the IO’s efficiency. Two counter-points arise within analysis. First of all, mutual interests can seem obvious but when parties engage in such cooperation, sometimes this mutual interest is lost in the nuance. Additionally, some pre-existing initiatives can be interrupted by shifts within domestic politics or incompatibilities arise between states’ initiatives.The nuance in political atmosphere that impedes INTERPOL’s activities can be illustrated through how the investigation of the Mumbai attack of 2008 was handled. According to the INTERPOL’s news release, the Indian government refused to share any valuable information on the expl osions in Mumbai (â€Å"India Refuses to Share†¦Ã¢â‚¬  2013). Following the attack, the Indian government pointed fingers toward Pakistan, which served their political interests. Releasing more facts on the bombing to INTERPOL would serve ndermine such an accusation. In this way, INTERPOL failed its mission of international police cooperation not due to the diversion of interests of the country to apprehend the suspects, but because of subtle political atmosphere between India and Pakistan. However, when fighting crime, these factors become rather infrequent. INTERPOL’s mission correlates with most states’ interests, and therefore, today, INTERPOL remains one of the most efficient international organizations. CONCLUSIONAs it was demonstrated on the example of INTERPOL, International Organizations play an effective role in the international system if the scope of cooperation is limited to issues to where mutual interest is obvious. In the case of INTERPOL, such o bvious mutual interest is â€Å"arresting as many criminal as possible† (About INTERPOL 2013). IO’s efficiency increases where cooperation does not distract from the pre-existing initiatives already being undertaken within the states, but instead enhances those efforts.The example of the Mumbai attack has shown that even such clear objectives as finding those who were responsible for the bombing can be undermined under effect of political forces. Overall, INTERPOL has proven to be an efficient organization because its mission of fighting crime in majority of cases goes along with already existing interests of the state’s government. In addition, the findings of this study can be applied to other IOs in order to enhance the efficiency of their role in the international community.Understanding the pre-existing conditions in the state and being mindful of the domestic interests can pave the road towards a closer and more effective international cooperation in the f uture.

Mikes Bikes Sample Final Report Essays

Mikes Bikes Sample Final Report Essays Mikes Bikes Sample Final Report Paper Mikes Bikes Sample Final Report Paper The report is intended to outline details of varying factors that have influenced each years decisions for Bikes Bikes Bikes, which have resulted in both negative and positive impacts. With continuous improvement , the business is increasing at a steady rate. The firms goal was not only to achieve the highest SHIP in comparison to our competitors, but was also to appeal to the maximum number of potential consumers and in result achieve the highest market share within the industry. Through our dedication, willpower, and ambition the company has successfully been able to achieve many of the goals that we had set out for ourselves. Bikes Bikes Bikes started out with a SHIP of $10. 82 and is at a current stance of $42. 37. It has also effectively acquired the highest market share of 28. 9%, surpassing he closest competitor by a significant 7%. As at the beginning of 2015, the strategy that our business had decided to implement was the specialization of producing high quality and high priced bicycles. This strategy came to be through the extensive research conducted by the firms management team in which they discovered that the first set of bikes mountain bikes, had a medium sensitivity to quality and price. As previously mentioned, our goal revolves around providing our consumers with a high quality bike. Moreover, Bikes Bikes Bikes management team also focused extensively on the firms brand awareness and advertising to induce ore value and provide incentive for future consumers. After the steady development of mountain bikes, a new line of road bikes were launched in 201 8, followed by the introduction to a second segment of the road bike in 2019, and lastly a line to appeal to the youth community in 2020. The team critically analyzed multiple strategies and made decisions over the course of the past six years with plans that looked upon maximizing aspects such as SHIP, market share, quality and efficiency indexes and minimizing aspects that could be of potential harm such as debt, wastage, and unnecessary expenses. Although the firm incurred challenges at times, he company was able to encounter an incline at a constant rate in which was a direct result of carefully planned meetings that occurred twice a week.. Moreover, Bikes Bikes Bikes management team created and maintained OF 26 strong relationships with the market by providing generous support distribution. A detailed elaboration on the various decisions made by my team and will be elaborated on in the following report. Sincerely, Wayne Hang president CEO of Bikes Bikes Bikes AFFIRMATION STATEMENT Please read the following items after the completion of your assignment Once you have verified these points, please complete the statement. All team members have referenced and footnoted all ideas, words or other intellectual property from sources, other than the data provided in the multi- player version of Mikes Bikes, used in the completion of this assignment. 2. A proper bibliography has been included, which includes acknowledgement of all sources used to complete this assignment other than data provided in the multi-player version of Mikes Bikes. 3. This is the first time that any member of the team has submitted this assignment (either partially or entirely) for academic evaluation. 4. Each member of the team has read the full content of the submission and is assured that the content is free of violations of academic integrity. Team discussions regarding the importance of academic integrity have taken place. . Each student has identified his or her individual contribution to the work submitted such that if violation of academic integrity are suspected, then the student primarily responsible for the violations may be identified. Note that in this case the remainder of the team may also be subject to disciplinary action. The listed team members listed below have participated in the preparation of this assignment and no other individuals have contributed to this assignment except as acknowledged. Name : Wayne Hang 20574871 Section contributed : Title Page, Letter to the Board of Directors, Introduction to 2018-2020, Strategies and Tactics, Every Years Summary Conclusion, Financing Template Name : Seems El-Bach 20583252 Section contributed : Table of Contents, Introduction to 2017, Strategies and Tactics, Key Performance Indicators, SOOT Analysis, Closing Recommendations, Accounting Template Name : Christina Aka Way Chain 20577525 Section contributed : Annual Performance Analysis for 2015-2020, Introduction to 2016 and 201 9, Marketing Template Name: Honoring Chin 20550322 Section contributed: Introduction to 201 5, Strategies and Tactics Date : Friday, November 28th, 2014 TA: Susan Wang World: S 002 croup 004 Team 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Strategies, Results, and Analysis: 2015 Marketing, Operational, and Financial Strategies Firm Results and Analysis Summary Conclusions Strategies, Results, and Analysis: 2016 6 Strategies, Results, and Analysis: 2017 11 Strategies, Results, and Analysis: 2018 15 Us Mary Conclusions Strategies, Results, and Analysis: 201 9 20 Marketing Operational, and Financial Strategies Strategies, Results, and Analysis: 2020 24 us Mary conclusions: 2015-2020 28 Performance Indicators SOOT Analysis Recommendations to Board Appendix 33 STRATEGIES, RESULTS AND ANALYSIS: 2015 In 201 5, the firm had introduced a brand new management team in hopes of approaching the business from a new and differentiated perspective. They constructed and proposed multiple strategies the firm could potentially implement to achieve outstanding results. At the point of entry, the firm had established a SHIP of $10. 82, on par with other competitors in the market. Many of the offered strategies revolved around the important central goal that involved maximizing SHIP. To do so, a consensus was reached to adopt a gig quality strategy for the firms existing mountain bikes. Reaching this goal involved steps such as setting the price of the bike, Dave, above market average. However, by natural economics, an increase in price causes a decrease in demand, and thus the company planned to increase spending in areas like advertising and PR. In 2015, Bikes Bikes Bikes faced fierce competition with competitors who adopted similar strategies and fell slightly behind from the extra emphasis placed PR expense, which the mountain bike is minimally affected by. However, the firm did incur an increase in sales, SHIP, ND market share, despite the fact that it didnt reach the initial goals set out. The proceeding analysis will provide more depth as to why the company could not reach the goals set out to the highest extent. With regards to the marketing strategy, the firms priority was to raise product awareness and develop a high quality image for the mountain bike that it currently offers. This resulted in an increased expense in areas of advertising and PR. Although a heavy investment, the future benefits that it is to propose; such as increased sales will outweigh the money invested, and will eventually bring back profit. Often, quality is correlated with price. Goods that are priced higher than similar substitutes are often to assumed to have a characteristic that bring upon the distinction, in which it is often quality. Therefore, the firm decided to increase the price of the bike to $750. The increase in expenditures with respect to advertising and PR can also be justified by the price markup. It is more difficult to sell higher priced goods and therefore an extra effort should be taken to minimize loss of sales. At this point in time, the management team did not have the clearance level to make decisions revolving around operations. However, based on reports, seniors believed that it would be best to maintain a constant production level, slightly differing from the 18, 100 units produced in the prior year. Although the production remained consistent, the ending inventory at the end of the year had increased by 58%, forcing the firm to incur expenses associated with inventory storage. At this time, this is all that can be reported with respect to operations. Once again, the financial decisions for 201 5 were made by higher up management. The firm had began with a debt to equity ratio of 30%, in which it was incapable of paying this year due to lack of funding. However, the increase in retained earnings resulted in an increase in shareholders equity, immediately decreasing the debt percentage by 9%, to 210/6. Although no action was taken during this period, the management team is placing emphasis on the repayment of the debt as soon as possible as it will limit our expenses, with specific regards to interest. Firm Results and Analysis For the firms sole product line of mountain bikes, Bikes Bikes Bikes decided to increase the price from 5700 to $750 following its decision to implement a high price, low volume strategy to increase our sales revenue by 10%. Thus, he companys bikes are sold at the third highest price overall (second to two firms with a set price of 5770). Comparing the prices implemented this year to the common price of $700 last year, it appears that most firms also imposed a high price strategy. With a higher price, product demand was expected to decrease, so the firm invested more money towards advertising (of $1 million) and PR (of $700,000) to raise demand for the companys products in the market. Compared to the competitors, the firm had the third highest advertising budget and the highest for PR (at $1 00,000 more than the next leading firm). The objective here was to increase demand enough to generate more revenue by selling more bikes at a relatively higher price than all the other firms. Since the mountain bike is highly influenced by advertising opposed to PR, by spending more than most competitors in PR but not for advertising expense, the firm did not gain as much sales and market share as originally expected. From the overall decrease in demand, demand forecast accuracy also fell from 100% to 97%. In 2015, there was a total sales of $8,635,575. Similarly, cost of goods sold and gross margin fell to $4, 1 96,650 and $4,438,925 respectively. Coupled with the expenses of $2,334,931, the result was a net income of $1 ,373,478 ($94,452 less than 2014), which showed room for improvement in sales and expense management. This year, the firm placed fifth in net income in the industry, and the fourth highest in sales and cost of goods sold, but the highest in selling and distribution expenses. This lead to more cash being expended than earned as revenue, which impacted the firms profitability and placed the firm at the fourth highest in cash balance overall at $3,748,711. With a current asset value of $3,832,575, this signifies that the majority of the rims current assets is comprised of cash. Therefore, the firm is in a very good position to meet its short term obligations, as a current ratio of 6. 51 means having over 6 times more assets than liabilities due within the coming year. This is a significant Increase in liquidity from the current ratio of 3. 87 in 2014, as a result of $1 ,674,770 increase in current assets with only a $31 , 292 increase in current liabilities. Despite the overall decrease in net income this year, the firms return on sales, return on equity and gross margin percentage ratios increased from 2014 (by 0. 01%, 1. 83% and 2. 1% respectively). This means that the amount of generated income from each dollar of equity and sales is now greater, as well as a higher amount of revenue retained as gross profit this year. Out of all the firms, Bikes Bikes Bikes has the fourth highest value for each of the profitability ratios. This means that although our firm experienced more profitability this year, there is still much more to be done to keep the firm at a competitive advantage. Based on the companys overall performance, Bikes Bikes Bikes experienced an increase in SHIP of $1. 97, as well as an increase in earnings per share of 7 cents. The firm has the fifth highest increase in both categories out of the world (with even the next highest having growth of $1. 02 and 73 cents respectively). However, this signifies a relatively stale growth in comparison to all other competitors and a need to increase efforts in hopes of improving company performance. This year, our production remained at constant levels from 2014 (at 45% production, 15% wastage and 40% idle time). In the market, the firm had the fourth highest in production and subsequently the second highest in idle time percentage. As the wastage percentage is also linked to production, our firm as the second lowest wastage percentage out Of all the firms as well. Thus, we began with 150 units in inventory, produced 1 7,918 additional bike for sales and resulting with an ending inventory of 354 units. The firms inventory turnover ratio decreased from 71. 63 to 70. 2, which means the time needed to sell our inventory increased. Moreover, though carrying costs were forecasted at $4,306,804, the firm ended up with only $4,1 96,650 in the end. For all our operations and decisions this year, we decided to use cash as the only source of financing due to our objective of minimizing debt-to-equity Asia. Currently, due to the existing long term debt of SSL the debt to equity ratio was 0. 21 in 2015. In 2014, the firms debt-to-equity ratio was 0. 3, showing progress due to increased revenue. In comparison, most competitors have a lower debt-to-equity ratio at 0. 19, so it is important to further increase sales and decrease incurred debt in order to catch up with other firms. The companys main source of cash activity involved operating activities, including sales revenue, advertising, PR, salaries and other operating expenses. Our budgeted performance for 201 5 was an inflow of 1 ,884,943, though in actuality, our cash inflow from operations only amounted to $1 As expenditures Were controlled based on management decisions, one of the primary underlying reasons for the shortfall would be due to less revenue generated during the period than forecasted. Though no cash investing activities involving property, plant and equipment occurred, cash movement was present in financing activities. From the existing long term debt of $1 an interest expense of $80,000 was incurred. Coupled with the bank interest earned from cash, a final cash outflow of 321 ,873 occurred. To increase the amount of cash available to insane our operations, the firm should reduce cash outflow from debt and interest. Summary Conclusion TO restate, Bikes Bikes Bikes goal for the year of 2015 was to obtain a increase in sales. The strategy implemented to achieve this goal was correlated with the process of increasing advertising expenditures and production. After a thorough analysis, it was determined that Bikes Bikes Bikes was unsuccessful in achieving this goal because it did not meet the targeted sales revenue. It was specified that we would be able to achieve the goal if our sales had increased from $8,1 90,000 to $ 9,009,000. However, Bikes Bikes Bikes sales for the year had only reached $8,625,575. Moreover, in comparison to competitors, we placed 4th in sales ranking. Since the firm was incapable of living up to the goals, Bikes Bikes Bikes plans to improve this performance by carefully analyzing our information again and appropriately making decisions that will help the firm grow. STRATEGIES, RESULTS AND ANALYSIS: 2016 Following a year of steady performance in 2016, Bikes Bikes Bikes identified a need to further improve its operations in order to better compete within the market. The firm was unable to meet its goal of increasing revenue by 1 0%, ailing short by $383,425. Moreover, the firm ranked fourth in revenue and fifth highest out of all firms for SHIP at SSL 2,79 per share. To better the performance of the company while maximizing SHIP and market share, Bikes Bikes Bikes aims to increase the price of bikes as well as the branding budget in order to generate a higher level of sales. Moreover, by reducing unneeded expenditures like PR expense and excess production costs, the firm plans to maximize net earnings to put the company in a far more competitive and profitable position in the market in the future. Marketing, Operational, and Financial Strategies After critical analysis of 2015, the management team had strong evidence that competing firms had adopted similar high price strategies and that the 50$ increase was not enough. Therefore, a 5$ increase was implemented to be able to compete within the market. Also, the enticed investment in advertising was outshone by the larger investment of other firms. With respect to PR, Our firm incurred a useless expense as it became evident that mountain bikes have a low response rate. As a result, an increase in advertising was prominent and the immediate reduction of PR to O was implemented. This year the team had the opportunity to increase investment in branding. Since one of the firms main goals revolves around raising awareness, expenditures on branding are to have a significant impact, and therefore funds were allocated towards this expense. With consistency to maintaining a high quality image, Bikes Bikes Bikes focuses its strategies on having Sports and Bike stores stock our products. Sports and Bikes stores are often correlated with selling high priced quality bikes such as mountain and road bikes. With future plans to expand into the road bike segment, the team determined that it would be of present day and true value to offer support to these stores, in hopes of providing extra incentive to stock our bike line, and lines in the future. However, a malfunction occurred within the systems just as we were submitting the amounts and instead of transferring $75,000 and $300,000 to Bike Shops and Sports Stores respectively, the amounts submitted were 575 and $300. However, the firm plans to make a complete 360 and administer the accurate amounts in the coming days. Bikes Bikes Bikes decided to continue providing stores with 35% retailer margin as it provides them with higher incentive to stock our bike line. Again this year, the management team did not have the access needed to make financial decisions and therefore could not implement any strategies at this point in time. However, as shareholders equity continues to increase over the years, and the companys decision to not take out a loan has decreased the debt to equity ratio by 6%, bringing it down to 15% for this year. This year the firm experienced a significant increase in cash of 61 % from the 2015 balance, placing Bikes Bikes Bikes at an advantage since it acquires the second highest value. For the single bike line, Bikes Bikes Bikes decided to further increase the price o $755 in compliance with a high price, low volume strategy. Thus, the firms bikes now have the second highest price in the market. As a result, demand and sales volume for the firms bikes decreased further, from 17,714 units last year to 1 7,376 units. Our Performa sales amount was 18,148 units, so the actual result did not achieve the intended level and our demand forecast accuracy fell by 2%. In regards to advertising and PR, a decision was made to decrease the budgets to $950,000 and SO respectively. For advertising, this decrease caused the firm to now spend the second least in advertising. As a mountain bikes demand is minimally influenced by PR ratings, it was concluded that there would be no gain in allocating funds towards PR expense. Thus, the firm has an awareness rating increased from 0. 2 to 0. 22 (the fourth highest overall) and a PR rating of 0. 6, a 0. 04 drop from last year (now at fourth place in the industry). Regarding distribution, retailer margins were maintained at a 35-75 split of revenue with retailers (while other firms varied between sharing 25% or 40% with retailers). In terms of extra support, the firm decided to focus more on supporting sports stores, the most popular Handel to sell mountain bikes (at a support amount of $305 compared to $75 for bike stores and $50 for discount stores). Aside from one firm that chose to give SO of extra support, we provided the lowest amount of extra support. Overall, our firm provided the second most distribution support to retailer at $202,365, second only to the firm who spent $290,771 in total. Thus, the company now has a distribution rating of 0. 4 (which doubled from 201 5) and now has the second highest rating in the industry (only 0. 05 less than the leading firm). For sports stores in particular, 319 stores now stocking he companys bikes (14 more than 201 5) which is the third highest number overall. For bike and discount stores, the amount of stores stocking the firms products reached 76 and 201 stores respectively, the second highest amount of stores stocking for both. This year, production level was decreased from 17,918 units to 17,370 units to reduce expenses, ending inventory and carrying costs. The result was the firm having the fifth highest production percentage (at 43%, with the highest in the industry at 54%), the lowest wastage (at 14%, a 1% decrease from 201 6) and the highest idle time (at 42%). In the end, 348 units of ending inventory, and carrying costs of $4,1 17,843 were recorded, but no lost sales occurred (keeping the firms delivery rating at 1. 0 like all other firms). Inventory turnover ratio fell from 49. 57 to 5. This year, showing a far longer period of time to sell inventory, achieve sales and generate revenue (compared to 2015). By continuing to aim for a minimal debt-to-equity ratio, the firm only used cash to finance its operations this year as well. Overall, the firm experienced a increase in cash inflow from operations to $2,295,274 no activity in cash flow room investing and a decrease in cash outflow from financing o f $4,746 compared to 2015. This was due to increased sales revenue, reduced expenses as well as increased cash balance earning interest in the bank exceeding the interest expense from long term debt. In 201 6, the debt-to- equity ratio decreased from 0. 21 to 0. 15, which is relatively the second highest debt-to-equity ratio overall (the lowest being O. 13). In 201 6, the firm generated a net income of $1 from $8,527,272 in revenue, $4,117,843 in cost of goods sold, and $1,649,915 in expenses. Comparatively, this is the fifth highest revenue and cost of goods sold values of all firms (the highest with $1 1 in revenue and 54,71 6,443 in cost of goods sold). By reducing expenses on areas like PR by $685,026 in total, Bikes Bikes Bikes now has the lowest amount of expenses overall. The companys cash balance this year was $6,061 12, signifying an increase of $2,31 2,401 in cash from 2015. Thus, Bikes Bikes Bikes now has the second highest amount of cash in all. With a current assets balance of $6,143,583, this means that over 98% of the firms current assets is comprised of cash that can be used to pay off obligations and finance our operations. Despite an increase of $1 81 , 359 in current liabilities, the firms current ratio increased from 6. 51 to 7. 8 in 201 6, representing that the company is in an even better position to meet current obligations for the year while continuing its operations. This year, the firms return on sales and gross margin percentage increased by 3. 85% and O. 19% respectively. Incidentally, our return on equity ratio decreased by 5. 99%. As a result, the firm now has the third highest return on sales, gross margin percentage and return on equity ratios. This shows considerable room for improvement. The firms earnings per share increase d from $1. 37 to $1. 86, which is now the third highest in the world.

How to Use Repetition to Develop Effective Paragraphs

How to Use Repetition to Develop Effective Paragraphs An important quality of an effective paragraph is unity. A unified paragraph sticks to one topic from start to finish, with every sentence contributing to the central purpose and main idea of that paragraph. But a strong paragraph is more than just a collection of loose sentences. Those sentences need to be clearly connected so that readers can follow along, recognizing how one detail leads to the next. A paragraph with clearly connected sentences is said to be cohesive. Repetition of Key Words Repeating keywords in a paragraph is an important technique for achieving cohesion. Of course, careless or excessive repetition is boring- and a source of clutter. But used skillfully and selectively, as in the paragraph below, this technique can hold sentences together and focus the readers attention on a central idea. We Americans are a charitable and humane people: we have institutions devoted to every good cause from rescuing homeless cats to preventing World War III. But what have we done to promote the art of thinking? Certainly we make no room for thought in our daily lives. Suppose a man were to say to his friends, Im not going to PTA tonight (or choir practice or the baseball game) because I need some time to myself, some time to think? Such a man would be shunned by his neighbors; his family would be ashamed of him. What if a teenager were to say, Im not going to the dance tonight because I need some time to think? His parents would immediately start looking in the Yellow Pages for a psychiatrist. We are all too much like Julius Caesar: we fear and distrust people who think too much. We believe that almost anything is more important than thinking.(Carolyn Kane, from Thinking: A Neglected Art. Newsweek, December 14, 1981) Notice that the author uses various forms of the same word- think, thinking, thought- to link the different examples and reinforce the main idea of the paragraph. (For the benefit of budding rhetoricians, this device is called polyptoton.) Repetition of Key Words and Sentence Structures A similar way to achieve cohesion in our writing is to repeat a particular sentence structure along with a keyword or phrase. Although we usually try to vary the length and shape of our sentences, now and then we may choose to repeat a construction to emphasize connections between related ideas. Heres a short example of structural repetition from the play Getting Married by George Bernard Shaw: There are couples who dislike one another furiously for several hours at a time; there are couples who dislike one another permanently; and there are couples who never dislike one another; but these last are people who are incapable of disliking anybody. Notice how Shaws reliance on semicolons (rather than periods) reinforces the sense of unity and cohesion in this passage. Extended Repetition On rare occasions, emphatic repetitions may extend beyond just two or three main clauses. Not long ago, the Turkish novelist Orhan Pamuk provided an example of extended repetition (specifically, the device called anaphora) in his Nobel Prize Lecture, My Fathers Suitcase: The question we writers are asked most often, the favorite question, is: Why do you write? I write because I have an innate need to write. I write because I can’t do normal work as other people do. I write because I want to read books like the ones I write. I write because I am angry at everyone. I write because I love sitting in a room all day writing. I write because I can partake of real life only by changing it. I write because I want others, the whole world, to know what sort of life we lived, and continue to live, in Istanbul, in Turkey. I write because I love the smell of paper, pen, and ink. I write because I believe in literature, in the art of the novel, more than I believe in anything else. I write because it is a habit, a passion. I write because I am afraid of being forgotten. I write because I like the glory and interest that writing brings. I write to be alone. Perhaps I write because I hope to understand why I am so very, very angry at everyone. I write because I like to be read. I write because once I have begun a novel, an essay, a page I want to finish it. I write because everyone expects me to write. I write because I have a childish belief in the immortality of libraries, and in the way my books sit on the shelf. I write because it is exciting to turn all life’s beauties and riches into words. I write not to tell a story but to compose a story. I write because I wish to escape from the foreboding that there is a place I must go but- as in a dream- can’t quite get to. I write because I have never managed to be happy. I write to be happy.(The Nobel Lecture, 7 December 2006. Translated from the Turkish, by Maureen Freely. The Nobel Foundation 2006) Two well-known examples of extended repetition appear in our Essay Sampler: Judy Bradys essay Why I Want a Wife (included in part three of the Essay Sampler) and the most famous portion of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.s I Have A Dream speech. Final Reminder: Needless repetition that only clutters our writing should be avoided. But the careful repetition of keywords and phrases can be an effective strategy for fashioning cohesive paragraphs.

Team conflict management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Team conflict management - Case Study Example Some of these attribute cuts across the board for all the successful companies. Therefore, it is necessary for the management to understand them and ensure they instill them to the employees. A case of a web design company has been presented where a team is disintegrated. The team comprising of a graphic designer, a programmer, a usability expert, and a project manager are not in good working terms, hence the fate of the team lies on the balance. There are complains that some team members are not playing their roles effectively due to carelessness and lack of meeting the client’s needs. On the other hand, some of the team members have a view that others are being inconsiderate of their predicaments and situations. As a result, there is lack of cohesiveness within the team. These aspects hinder the productivity of the company. The company director has been concerned about the productivity of the team. This report is based on her concerns on the poor conflict management in the organization. Therefore, this report seeks to establish the cause of conflicts and the measures that the company can effect in order to ensure that the team in conflict gets to reconcile. In a ddition, future strategies of preventing conflict will be addressed as well as characteristics of successful team. A team is comprised of individuals with diverse thoughts and views. This diversity ensures that creativity and innovativeness is harnessed for the overall benefit of the team’s objectives. However, this is not always the case; diversity can be a source of conflict. For this reason, teams that have devised proper conflict management mechanisms are able to stand the torrents of conflicts. Conflicts between teams or team members can be caused perceived or actual aspects. Some of the cause of conflict is constructive while majority are destructive. These sources include; A

Case Study analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Study analysis - Essay Example Therefore, the process selection as identified by the team’s recommendations; will assist the organisation in prioritizing solutions to the pre-existing problems. For example, the review team’s assessment of the Information Technology (IT) department shows that it’s current IT solution, GovSource; has many undesired implications which lengthen the recruitment process (Stake, 2006). The team also identifies the inefficient modes of communication which cause delayed feedback from the interviewee’s referees and to the applicants. The use of process selection will, therefore, help the organisation to prioritize between these problems allowing them to come up with a SMART plan to ensure their successful resolution. Meaning, the plan ought to be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time-bound. Process selection, therefore, proves to be advantageous to an organisation in the realizing of their set targets (Yin, 2009). 1.1.2 Process identification Proce ss identification entails the definition of the scope of business processes, for example, an analysis of the scope of Talent Seek’s recruitment process. ... These meetings prove helpful because they help relay the clients’ requirements to Talent Seek’s personnel. The preparation of application forms and advertising of the vacancy positions are an integral part of this phase. The scope of the second phase (actual recruitment and selection) covers the evaluation processes used to sort through the applicants. The applicants’ evaluations happen through a similar criterion during the evaluation phase. The scope of the second phase also covers the selection process, whereby, qualified candidates get selected to be offered Talent Seek’s clients’ requirements (Kane, 2008). The scope of the final phase (appointment) covers the final consultations between Talent Seek’s personnel and their clients, where introduction of the selected candidates occurs to the clients. It is in this stage that further negotiations between the recruits and their employers ensue, and, presentation of a formal employment offer ha ppens. In conclusion, process identification plays a key role in shaping the perspective of organisations. This is because it outlines the scope of the processes within the organisation. This allows personnel to understand their roles (Ashly, 2003). References Ashly Downey. (2003). Recruitment Process Improvement. New Jersey: Lee Moffitt . Kane, J. (2008, April 17 ,saturday). Recruitment Intelligence. Retrieved from Steps of the Recruitment Process and How to Identify Failure Points : http://www.ere.net/2010/05/10/the-steps-of-the-recruiting-process-%E2%80%A6-and-how-to-identify-failure-points/ Mikel J. Harry, R. S. (2006). Six Sigma: The Breakthrough Management Strategy Revolutionizing The World's Top Corporations. New York: Currency.