Research Essay-Pre Revolutionary Thinkers

Over the past several weeks, looking out of the window of my modest home and seeing wave after wave of British marauders marching toward the city of Boston, some miles from my own home, my mind wanders to exactly what has taken place over the past several years in the fight for independence for our colonies, and what the future will hold. As a person of means and education, I consider myself infinitely qualified to comment on such matters, and in doing so, have also studied the writings and ideas of the leaders of our revolution, in order to be able to comment about the same.First, my mind wanders back to the year 1765, when we in the colonies sought to oppose the British attempt to extort monies from us via the Stamp Act, which had as its premise the collection of taxes in order to improve the living conditions and inner workings of the colonies (Ferling, 2002) , but in reality, to those of us who could see through the smoke of British muskets being aimed at us, it was nothing more than a legal form of blackmail, for the taxes that we were being compelled to pay gave us no more of a voice in the halls of British Parliament than the common slave would in fact have.When it was said that taxation without representation is nothing more than tyranny, the words rang true in my ears and in my heart. If the British Crown truly wishes to be able to legitimately collect taxes from the colonists, we must be able to exercise our basic freedoms and enjoy the protection of the Crown, including a voice in the halls of Parliament.Benjamin Franklin, a learned man of science and politics as well as a well traveled diplomat, has stated time and time again that all men are entitled to liberty (Watson, 2003); not the kind of liberty that has conditions of allegiance to a distant ruler attached to it, but the kind of liberty that is completely pure and noble- one that allows everyone to be able to pursue their own interests, contribute to the well-being of the common good, and be a ble to enjoy the blessing of raising one’s children in a free nation. One of Mr.Franklin’s best ideas is the plan that he has constructed for the unity of the colonies under one government (Watson, 2003); however, this plan must be clarified for one to truly understand both the simplicity and the beauty of it. Mr. Franklin does not advocate an allegiance to the British Empire, which has thus far added little of value to what we are doing here in the colonies, but rather a freely elected government, with the people choosing the members of the government and that government working at the interests of the people, not oppressing or opposing them.This is something that is seriously lacking in the thoughts and actions of the English, who believe that we colonists could be stacked like cordwood and used when necessary, ignored the rest of the time. Not only is this ridiculous, but it also makes cleared the importance of what Mr. Franklin has offered thus far. Mr. Franklin is not alone in these beliefs, nor has he been forced to carry the torch of liberty on his own. Yet another brilliant liberator of the colonists can be found in the person of Thomas Jefferson of Virginia.As a prolific writer as is Mr. Franklin, Jefferson has put pen to paper and created a declaration of the independence that we seek from the Crown of England. While this document has not been intended to fire up controversy, it has raised the anger of those that would hold us back from our destiny, and will surely cause many problems going forward, before it is able to achieve its ultimate goal of freeing us from our political and economic bondage (Dershowitz, 2003).The Jeffersonian ideal of self government, as he proclaims, is worthwhile to consider, for within it, he feels that if men are given the ability to lead themselves and achieve their own destinies, not only will their nation, but future generations and the whole of mankind will be enriched for all time (Eicholz, 2001). The i ssue of independence goes so much deeper than the everyday lives of colonists; the issue cuts right to the will of the human race to be free and to lead themselves.While mistakes surely will and must happen from time to time, these mistakes will take place in an atmosphere of freedom, which is the naturally desirable state of man (Volo, 2003) These gentlemen are worthy of consideration from everyone who would be free for this reason if no other. For all of this talk of independence, I have not yet given much of my own impressions of the goings on and where I think everything will eventually lead. First, let me say this- I believe that it is the will of God almighty that these colonies be able to become something on their own and develop a system of government beyond the shadow of England’s heavy hand.America offers the bounty of the land, a hardworking population, and all of the materials that one would need to meet their needs- physical and spiritual. With these gifts from G od in place, it is inconceivable that He would have us do anything else but to fight as hard as we need to in order to gain freedom and self responsibility. My sentiments are echoed throughout the land; of course, the men who are gathered in Philadelphia have made this abundantly clear through their speech and written words, and the common citizen has shown their interest in the cause by taking up arms when necessary to fight for their lands, hearths and families.Because we all have put in the labor and money to build homes, plant crops, and establish industry, we should enjoy the fruits of those labors without having to hand over the fruits to greedy dictators from across the sea who would take as much as we could give. This raises the question of where to go from here; all effort must be made to keep our colonies strong through faith, hard work, and lawful behavior (Volo, 2003). Without these factors in place, we would surely fail, but this is not the case.We have at our disposal all of the tools that we will need to forge the freedom and keep the peace. In conclusion, after taking an educated look at what Mr. Franklin, Mr. Jefferson and their colleagues have thought and practiced in this effort to gain recognition as a nation, away from the oppression of the British crown, I am of like mind with these gentlemen and their confederates. It is essential that we follow this path to its logical conclusion, for while the actions may be risky, the consequences of inaction are even more so pricey. ReferencesDershowitz, A. (2003). America Declares Independence. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Eicholz, H. L. (2001). Harmonizing Sentiments: The Declaration of Independence and the Jeffersonian Idea of Self Government. New York: Peter Lang. Ferling, J. (2002). Setting the World Ablaze: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the American Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press. Volo, D. D. , & M. Volo, J. (2003). Daily Life during the American Revolution. Westport, CT: Greenwood Pr ess. Watson, J. (2003). Ben Franklin, Protector of Americans Abroad. Biography, 26(3), 438+.

My bondage and my freedom summary Essay

His grandmother was his life, but when he was seven years old she took him to live on a plantation of Colonel Edward Lloyd. Which separated him from his family, brothers and sisters? â€Å"Being a slave made them strangers.† Pg(48) he wrote that he was told that his master was his â€Å"father†. When he describes his younger years on the plantation his mother died and his aunt ester was whipped. When he was a bit older he lived in Baltimore he had a new master Hugh Auld who was a ship carpenter. Fredrick says that he was treated like a pig on the plantation. His master’s wife was teaching him how to read and when his master found out he wanted it stopped immediately. He thought that slaves should know nothing.In the chapters 13-20 at the age of 15 is when he fially escapes freedom. â€Å"One trouble over, and on comes another,† Douglass says â€Å"The slave’s life is full of uncertainty† (pg 170 his particular period of uncertainty begins wit h the death of Captain Anthony, who, Douglass notes, had remained his master â€Å"in fact, and in law,† though he had become â€Å"in form the slave of Master Hugh. Captain Anthony’s death necessitates a division of his human â€Å"property,† and soon afterwards, Hugh Auld sends Douglass to work at his brother Thomas’s plantation ). When Master Thomas finds that severe whippings do not cause â€Å"any visible improvement in [Douglass’] character,† he hires the young slave out to Edward Covey, who is reputed to be â€Å"a first rate hand at breaking young negroes† (pg 203).. The oxen run away, and Covey punishes Douglass harshly. But Douglass does not intend to be broken either, and his year with Covey culminates in a violent fistfight with the overseer. In 1835, Douglass leaves Covey to work for William Freeland, â€Å"a well-bred southern gentleman,† noting that â€Å"he was the best master I ever had, until I became my own master† (pgs 258-268). After an uneventful year, Douglass devises his first escape plan, conspiring with five other young male slaves (pg 279). However, their scheme is detected, Douglass is imprisoned for a time, and finally Thomas Auld sends him back to live with Hugh (pg 303).While working in a Baltimore shipyard as a hired laborer, Douglass is savagely beaten and nearly killed by four white ship  carpenters. Nevertheless, the job allows Douglass to save some money, finally enabling him to make his escape in September 1838. Douglass does not reveal the full details of his escape in My Bondage and My Freedom, fearing that he might â€Å"thereby [prevent] a brother in suffering [from escaping] the chains and fetters of slavery† (p.323). (He narrates his escape in Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, published well after emancipation). Instead, Douglass skips to his first impressions of life in New York: â€Å"less than a week after leaving Baltimore, I was walking amid the hurrying throng, and gazing upon the dazzling wonders of Broadway† (p. 336)Chapter 24 describes Douglass’ tumultuous Atlantic crossing on a ship full of slave-owners, his exploits as a traveling lecturer in England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, and the â€Å"many dear friends† abroad who collaborate to purchase Douglass’s freedom from Thomas Auld in 1846 (p 373). Chapter 25 recalls Dou glass’s plan to start a newspaper after returning to the United States, which he realizes with the help of his â€Å"friends in England† despite some unexpected resistance from his abolitionist â€Å"friends in Boston† (p 392-393). This difference of opinion was emblematic of a larger rift between Douglass and the followers of William Lloyd Garrison over various points of political philosophy. Determined to circulate his newspaper from a neutral location, Douglass begins printing The North Star in December 1847 and moves his family to Rochester, New York, in 1848. He concludes My Bondage and My Freedom with a revised mission statement: â€Å"to promote the moral, social, religious, and intellectual elevation of the free colored people . . . to advocate the great and primary work of the universal and unconditional emancipation of my entire race† (p 306)

Absenteeism In The Workplace

Absenteeism In The Workplace â€Å"The term absenteeism means the deliberate or habitual absence of an employee from work place.† It create a big problem in an organisation when employees misses too many days off from work and in these situations other employees have to cover their work who are off from work and the work simply does not get gone in a well manner. The company must find out that the absence is involuntarily or voluntarily because involuntarily means any kind of illness or any unavoidable reason by which the employee is unable to come on work. Voluntarily means when an employee is absent from work without any reason manager need to worry about this kind of absence of employee need to get any documentation. Some time the absence may be excessive in this case manager should compare the employee’s attendance record with the other employees if the record of one employee is bad then the other means he was too many days off from work then it may be excessive absenteeism. So the manager sho uld discuss all the matter to the employees very friendly to improve the performance of the company the employees must aware of this thing that their absence is affecting others. Manager should give a written notice to the employee who is absent too many days from the work to warn him/her Basically absenteeism occurs when an employee of any organisation does not come to work due to several intentional or unintentional reasons like illness, injury, or any other habitual reason. Absenteeism affects the business in the terms of lost productivity. According to U.S. bureau of the census and U.S. bureau of labour statistic up the direct losses about $40 billion a year and social security administration determined that, annually workers missed more then half a billion days. http://www.enotes.com/biz-encyclopedia/absenteeism Types of absence There are many reasons why people off from work. Some those can be categorised as: Short-range sickness absence (uncertificated, self-certificated, or covered by a doctor’s ‘fit note’ which replaced the ‘sick note’ from April 2010) Long-standing sickness absence Unofficial absence or persistent lateness Other absences: for example, annual leave; maternity, paternity, adoption, or parental leave; time off for public or trade union duties, or to care for dependents; compassionate leave; educational leave. How much does absenteeism cost your business? The workers which are absent from the work cost the business a lot and decrease the revenue of the business Especially unplanned absence from work cost a lots to business like casual sickness of employee casual absence can affect per day productivity of business. This is a common problem of organisations in every organisation employees have 5.4 unplanned absence in 1 day. According to Mercer, Absences,† the total cost of absence can equal as much as 36% of payroll (compared to 15.4% for health care coverage). Of that figure, 9% accounts for unplann ed absences. Planned absences, like vacations and holidays, average 26.6%. For a midsize business, this unplanned absence can account for as much as $4.5 million dollars per year. (http://www.super-solutions.com/CostofAbsenteeism.asp)

Obesity in Older Adults Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Obesity in Older Adults - Essay Example Introduction Obesity can be simply referred to a medical condition caused by excessive accumulation of body fat, which can eventually cause adverse effects on one’s health. To define, â€Å"obesity is an excess of body fat that frequently results in a significant impairment of health.† (Das, 2010, p.44). Although people use the terms obesity and overweight interchangeably, in fact, obesity and overweight are two distinct physical conditions which have already been clearly defined using scientific standards. Body Mass Index (BMI) is the common tool used to identify whether or not a person’s body fat is excessive. According to BMI standards, an individual is said to be overweight when his BMI lies between the ranges of 25-29.9. The person becomes obese when his BMI goes beyond the range 30. Evidently, obesity has become a major health issue among older adults. According to Villareal et al (as cited in Newman, 2009), the prevalence of obesity in people between the a ge range 50-69 increased by 56% in 2000 whereas in people above the age 70 it increased by 36%, since 1991. Causes of Obesity The relationship between energy consumption and expenditure is the major determinant of the body-fat mass. Medical practitioners opine that obesity occurs when an individual consumes more calories (in the form of food) than what he actually needs. People require calories not only to sustain life, but also to maintain a satisfactory body weight. However, studies point to the fact that energy expenditure in 50-65 year old age group considerably declines and therefore likelihood of obesity increases as one becomes old. It has also been identified that hormonal changes in older adults (65 years of age and older) during aging may result in excessive accumulation of fat. Various changes associated with aging, including resistance to leptin, contribute to older adulthood obesity. As Newman (2009) argues, genetic features, socio-environmental factors, and several oth er elements contribute to obesity. Evidently, heredity is one of the major determinants of obesity. In other words, biological inheritance plays a significant role in fat variations. The researchers like Bouchard established that genotype greatly influences visceral fat. Since an individual’s type of food choices, level of physical activity, and other lifestyle behaviors are influenced by his surrounding environment, socio-environmental factors greatly affect his body fat levels. To illustrate, increasing â€Å"eating out† food trends in Western countries directly lead to the consumption of excess fat content food and thereby obesity. While analyzing the global obesity data, it is obvious that obesity is more prevalent in Western countries, and especially in the United States. Several other factors including lack of sleep and continuous use of drugs also cause obesity. Some recent studies claim that issues such as joint pain and decreased mobility are also potential co ntributory factors to obesity as they cause decreased activity and thereby a proportionate decline in energy expenditure in older adults. Symptoms of Obesity As discussed earlier, a BMI of over 30 is the primary symptom of obesity. Large body frame is another notable symptom of obesity in older adults. Adults with obesity would face difficulties in doing their daily activities. In addition, breathlessness is another noticeable symptom

Bringing Back Traditional Toys in the Technological Age Essay

Bringing Back Traditional Toys in the Technological Age - Essay Example As the study discusses in preschools where learning areas divide the classrooms, children gravitate to those areas where more possibilities in play are foreseen.   Usually, these are in the Make-believe area, filled with housekeeping toys like kitchen furniture, telephones, tea sets, cooking sets, tool sets, doctor kits, and the like which encourages creative imaginings.  From this research it is clear that one of the most popular areas in the classroom frequented by children is the Block Area where children spend time building their own constructions with wooden block pieces of many sizes and shapes.   During block play, children seem to get lost in their own imaginative world as they plan, design and build the structure one block at a time, carefully choosing the right block to stack on a particular place. This paper will thoroughly discuss the value of block play in the early childhood education setting.   Despite the widespread availability of new educational tools and te chnology, the traditional blocks developed nearly a century ago by Caroline Pratt, remain one of the most enduring mediums for early childhood education and even in the primary grades.  Unit blocks are those small hardwood blocks filled with potential for creative play.   These blocks are designed in a 1:2:4 size proportion emphasizing the size relationship among the different blocks.   Aside from rectangular and square-shaped blocks, there are cylinders, archs, half-circles, ramps, and many more shapes in the set.

Mosques in America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Mosques in America - Research Paper Example However with the emergence of Christianity and Islam, the technological development, particularly in the area of transportation and distribution of ideas, people started moving around the world more intensively, settling in other countries and bringing their religion with them. As a result, the societies which used to be homogeneous in terms of ethnicity and religion now included foreign elements. At the present moment this phenomenon can be easily observed world wide. It may be necessary to narrow the analysis down to a particular religion and country to perform a detailed examination of the issue. Thus, this paper will show mosques in the United States of America feature a considerable number of peculiarities which can be explained by the relationship between this country and the Arab world. To begin with, it may be particularly important to pay attention to those who visit mosques, namely the believers. According to a recent study, it is suggested that the number of Muslims in the United States may be underestimated. Indeed, it has been pointed out that only a million and a half people who live in America are to be seen as followers of Islam; however, it was found that Eid Prayer which is one of the major holidays in the Islamic world was attended by over two and a half million people in 2011 (Bagby, 2011, p. 4). It is quite obvious that this number may not be used as a rough estimation, but it surely casts a shadow on the previous estimates. There is no doubt that during census people might not have stated their religion or did not take part in it at all. However, one should put emphasis on the fact that the presence of Muslims in the United States is surely being underestimated. This holds important implications when it comes to the number of mosques as well as their value since there more there are Muslims, the more

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Research Paper Example However, the highest number of students was found to spend averagely, having their clothes purchasing expenditure between $150-450, which is the category that exceeded half the number of female students sampled in the study, at a 55%. However, the statistics for the male students gives a totally different picture, with a substantial 14% of the male students spending between $0-50 per semester, a number that is also equal to the male students who spends above $450 per semester. The male students spending pattern is interesting, considering that those spending between $50-150 and those spending between $150 to 450 were also equal, at 36% in each category. The statistics of the students with a favorite brand for clothing was however peculiar, since the male students seemed to have a higher rate of preference for brand clothing, compared to female students. 45% of the female showed a brand preference, compared to 55% who did not, while the male students who had a brand preference stood a t 48%, while 42% did not show any interest for brand preference. Nevertheless, the overall number of students who indicated a preference for a certain brand was higher, standing at 52%, while 48% of the students did not show any brand preference. Do you have favorite brand for clothing? Female Male Total Yes 15 21 36 NO 18 15 33 Among the sample of 69 students, 33% seemed to have a brand preference from a company that utilized animal fur, wool or leather in manufacturing clothing, while 31% did not prefer brands from a company utilizing animal products for cloth manufacturing. Nevertheless, 33% did not seem to know the materials used by the company from which they have a brand preference. 22% had a brand preference from a company that utilized renewable materials, while 25% had a preference for a company that did not utilize renewable resources. However, the majority did not seem to know whether the company from which they have a brand preference utilized renewable or non-renewable materials, accounting for 55% of the students with a brand preference. Even with the knowledge that the company from which the students had brand preference

Moral Views on Plastic Surgery Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Moral Views on Plastic Surgery - Assignment Example Second will be the evident willingness of surgical operators to offer layaway surgery plans that are arguably meant to help patients afford surgery while at the same time carry out illegal plastic surgery operations. Finally, this essay will explore the question of how the American pop culture as well as the different media channels have influenced personal awareness for millions of people, making them indulge into the modern ideals of attractiveness and, as a result, driving them towards having unnecessary plastic surgery. Sociocultural and religious aspects will also be explored. John Stuart Mill’s ethical theory of utilitarianism this suggests that the basis of morality is the action that one chooses to take. The ethical decision made in this regard should be focused on maximizing utility or pleasure. He states that people generally focus on the achievement of pleasure, meaning that they should engage in making decisions that are confined within the premise of utilitarianism (HAUSKELLER, 2011). In what he refers to as the greatest happiness principle, he adds that one’s action should be judged on its extent to rightness or wrongness based on the extent of pleasure or pain that it causes for the highest number of people. However, it has been argued that there are two different kinds of pleasure, which include bodily pleasure and intellectual pleasure. Intellectual pleasure should take precedence, owing to the fact that it stimulates the mind and amounts to more benefits for more people. For instance, a person that composes a good song creates p leasure for millions of people while one who listens to music creates pleasure for himself. As such, composing his of higher pleasure than listening, just like having sex to have a child than doing it for pleasure. Having discussed the ethical insights presented by Mill, a look at the

Marketing Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Marketing Audit - Essay Example McDonald’s Australia is a constituent of the APMEA group. This group accounts for almost 18% of the total revenue generated by the firm and within this group China, Japan and Australia accounts for the maximum amount of revenue. According to the McDonald’s Australia Corporate Responsibility & Sustainability Report 2012, there were around 808 McDonald’s restaurants spread all over Australia as at 31 December 2009 (McDonalds Australia, 2010). McDonald’s Australia Limited operates its franchisee business in Australia and more than 70% of its restaurants are locally owned (McDonalds Australia, 2012). The head office of McDonalds Australia is located at Thornleigh, New South Wales and its four regional offices are located at Perth, Melbourne, Adelaide and Brisbane. Marketing Audit Objectives The primary objective of the marketing audit of McDonald’s Australia that has been discussed in this report is to increase the sales of the company in Australia so a s to generate increased profit for the company. The marketing audit has been undertaken to identify the various avenues through which the company can have a 7% annual growth in sales revenue generated in Australia by the end of the year 2013. Based on this primary objective other related marketing objectives of McDonald’s Australia to achieve its target would be to open up new restaurants in different parts of the country, increase brand awareness amongst Australian people to help increasing the customer base of the company, promotion of its products, and creating competitive advantage in the fast food retail industry by strengthening its core competencies and catering to the specific needs and requirements of people based on their specific tastes and preferences. Thus the marketing audit report presented in this study would help the company to identify key performance indicators that can be helpful in formulating the marketing strategies of the company in an effective and ef ficient manner. Marketing Audit Scope The marketing audit of McDonald's Australia would be performed using secondary data from various authenticated sources. The marketing audit would mainly cover five broad aspects as discussed below: Situational Analysis: The situational analysis of McDonalds includes its SWOT analysis. The marketing audit report would try to analyse all the strengths and opportunities of the company which could be utilised to achieve its marketing objectives. Moreover the identified weaknesses and threats of the company would also be helpful to suggest ways of converting them into company’s strengths and opportunities. Internal audit: This would include the analysis of the internal environment of the company covering some key areas like human resources, research and development, financial budget and marketing strategies followed by the company. Environmental audit: The environmental audit of McDonald’s would be based on mainly the PESTEL analysis th at would help to have a better understanding of the Australian market

Coca-Cola financial statements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Coca-Cola financial statements - Essay Example Coca-Cola’s largest assets are property, plant and equipment that amount to a net worth of 9,052 million dollars based on the December 2014 yearly financial reports (The Coca-Cola Company, 2015). Their second largest asset is goodwill that amounted to 12,100million dollars as at December 2014. Their total asset worth is 92,023 million dollars. Based on the 2014 financial reports, the company’s total liabilities amount to 32,374 million dollars while their total equity amounts to 30561 million dollars (The Coca-Cola Company, 2015). At the end of the year, the company’s’ cash and its equivalents amounted to 8,958 million dollars. The company’s largest expenses were on purchase of investments and payments of debts. Purchase of investments amounted to 17800 million dollars while payment of debts amounted to 36,962 million dollars. Despite having many debts and incurring a lot of money on investments, Coca-Cola realized a gross profit of 28,109,000 dolla rs. How the financial statements are linked The income statement described how assets and liabilities were used during the year. The cash flow statement explained how the company got cash and how they spend it, and it gave a figure on the company’s cash at hand Example 1: The net income calculated in the income statement ($7,098,000) is used as the first item in the cash flow statements ($7,098,000) (NASDAQ, 2015). Example 2: The retained earnings of the company amounted to 63,408,000 dollars.

Seductive Powers of Women in the Medieval Era Essay Example for Free

Seductive Powers of Women in the Medieval Era Essay Women of the medieval genre employed sexual prowess to manipulate and gain control of their men. This was their only means of power in an otherwise powerless role as a female. Chaucer and de France portray in their poems the female’s struggle for power and dominance in relationships and the use of sexuality to achieve that goal. The Wife of Bath’s Prologue exploits a woman’s endeavor for power over men and the wicked measures she employs. The wife, the protagonist of The Wife of Bath’s Prologue, bragged of her successful manipulation resulting in having had five husbands. This power of persuasion, also noted in The Canterbury Tales General Prologue, â€Å"Of remedies of love she knew parchaunce, For she coude of that at the olde daunce,† which exclaims the wife’s familiarity with the art of love. (477, 478) The character of the wife used powerful seduction as the main means of manipulation, but she also beguiled them into guilt in order to get what she wanted from them. Ultimately, as depicted in by the wife’s own admission, â€Å"Namely abedde hadden they meschaunce, Ther wolde I chide and do hem no plesaunce†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (403,404), it was in the bedroom where she wielded her best feats, teasing them and refusing to bring them to sexual satisfaction until they promised to give into her plea for money- a cunning way in which she made her men submissive. Chaucer depicts the wife as a feminist character who is debauching in one sense, yet she contradicts that very essence by only having sex with her husbands when she wanted money from them. Ironically, she confesses to being the fondest of, and loving only her fifth husband, whom she could not control. The fifth husband, some 20 years younger, satirically reverses roles of the wife and her previous husbands by using the same manipulative schemes on her that she previously used on other men. Husband number five dominates the wife and alludes to her that he is aware of her wicked ways by reading to her from a book of stories of the most wicked, deceitful wives in history. Even though husband number five demonstrated more control over her than any of her previous husbands, she still managed to use her sexual talents to convince him to sign over his estate to her. Not only did Chaucer suggest the use of sexual temptations as tools for women used to obtain power in their domain, Marie de France also hinted to a similar use of sexuality in Lanval. de France’s Lanval depicts analogous use of beauty and sexuality by the queen as she seduced the protagonist, Lanval. Lanval was the object of a different seductress, one with the power of royalty. The queen used words of love along with her beauty and body to manipulate and seduce Lanval, evoking the pathos of love in him. Because of her position as queen, she demanded secrecy of her adulterous affair, which served as her means of control over Lanval. He had no choice but to agree to her demand of silence if he desired more favors from her. He eventually rejected her, which in turn infuriated her, therefore subjecting him to her bitter wrath as she sought to ruin him in an attempt to lessen the pain of rejection. In this poem the seductress doesn’t desire money, for she had all that she needed, but nonetheless she used her sexuality to obtain her desire, which is in this case was sex with Lanval. Sweet seduction manifested by soft-spoken, sweet words of love along with lust for the female body have lured men into the manipulative ways of women for centuries. Women have sought the dominance they so desired over their men with the only means of power they’ve had – and with much success. The works of Chaucer and deFrances illustrate the desire women have had for power throughout the ages.

Components in US factories Essay Example for Free

Components in US factories Essay These criticisms of globalisation seem to undermine the possibility of any advantages arising out of the process. But there are indeed counter arguments that reveal the benefits to be derive from world trade. One benefit as H. Katrak suggests is that A country may overcome some of the difficulties of increasing investment from undemocratic resources by participating in international trade. Globalisation and openness make market access easier. Small firms which have been previously unable to export because of restricted access to foreign markets, or because of the high cost of overcoming administrative or technical barriers, can now sell their products and services abroad. The enlargement of their markets will enable them to produce more and benefit from scale economies, making them even more competitive. The resulting competition increases product quality, widens the range of available goods and keeps prices low. Globalisation is creating jobs and bringing more prosperity to developing countries which have joined the process. While labour standards in these countries are still lower than in industrialised nations, they are rising. There is considerable evidence that multinationals investing outside their home country or region pay higher wages than local firms, create new jobs at a faster rate, and spend much more on research and development (RD). While wage differentials will continue between rich and poor countries, they reflect factors like the level of qualification of workers and their relative productivity. Moreover, in answer to the critique of poor working conditions, workers who produce foreign products are grateful for their employment. Some multinational corporations do contribute to rural and urban development in their host countries. Shell Petroleum, the largest oil producing company in Nigeria has since the 1950s awarded scholarships to students in the oil-producing areas. Chevron spent $27,196,649 in 2000 on charitable contributions worldwide and in 2000 BP Amoco spent a total $81. 6 million on social investment in countries where it operates. Social investment: beneficiaries of Shells scholarships in Nigeria Technology and skill transfer is another benefit which globalisation brings along with it. Information technologies have opened up a huge potential for improving economic efficiency through e-commerce, the internet and the instantaneous delivery of information anywhere in the world, at any time. IT and telecoms are revolutionising business practices, both within corporations and in their relations with suppliers and customers. The introduction of overseas staff in modern plants in developing countries provides the basis for training a future workforce. Fedders, a room air-conditioners manufacturer that produces for the US market entered into a joint venture with a Chinese company in order to penetrate into the Chinese market. The Chinese company gets an injection of funds for investment and access to new technologies, while Fedders gets local expertise for its operations in China Globalisation also allows the expansion of businesses which have come to be seen as very vital to some national economies, and to citizens. Growth markets were embraced with glee in the twentieth century by businesses such as McDonalds and Coca-Cola. They are able to expand and remain competitive by offering franchises to interested businesses. The same advantage offers Fedders the chance to sell in the vast Chinese market and to export to other Asian countries, as well as to foster new relationships with Chinese component suppliers who may be able to meet demand for lower-cost components in US factories. Nevertheless, some groups feel that these multinational presences in their countries conflict cultural norms, as demonstrations by protesters in Russia and India against McDonalds shows. Conclusion Globalisation cannot be seen as a one-size-fits-all cure for poverty. But it is part of a broader mix of solutions for poverty eradication involving the international community and the self-help potential of the poor countries themselves. The alternative of complete poverty is far worse than their current situation and is inconceivable to most people from developed countries. The table below shows how due to globalisation countries have benefited. They have adopted domestic policies and institutions that have enabled people to take advantage of global markets and have thus sharply increased the share of trade in their GDP.

Free Trade and Competition for the EU

Free Trade and Competition for the EU Is it fair and in the interests of free trade and competition for the EU to impose quotas on the Chinese textile industry or is the EU guilty of protectionism? The trade relationship between the European Union and China is one that has existed for several years now. However, this relationship is one that has had its share of conflicts over the past 15 years or so, with regard to the volumes traded between the two regions. Since China entered the WTO in December 2001, trade barriers between China and the European were removed in order to ameliorate trade between the two. However, the textile and clothing product volumes that were exported from China to the EU began hurting the domestic markets in the EU. It was due to this occurrence that the EU decided to re-apply quotas on China. In accordance with WTO principles, this is apparent violation of a developing country’s products. However, when China entered the WTO, the agreement asserted that a member may re-impose quotas on China for one year if that member’s markets were being hurt through China’s export volumes of textile and clothing products. Introduction If one looks back around a hundred or more years ago, life was certainly simpler than it is today. This refers to the fact that there have been a plethora of developments that have impacted everyone. The developments that one may consider in particular are technological ones as well as intellectual ones. Some may even go as far as asserting that each of these drives the other. However, because of more awareness and technological development, life today is more complex than it was before. In every field one considers today, things are generally more complex. The business environment is a good example, as it is one that is influenced by an array of newer ideas as well as new technology. The technology mentioned here refers to the inventions or innovations that have made globalization possible. Business in today’s world has to consider this macro economical phenomenon, as it is a major part of the business today. Globalization does not only affect international trade, but also has its impact on trade within each country. In addition totalling about the unavoidable globalization aspect of business today, it is important to focus on business ideas and relationships that forma major part of them. An example of trade relations is the trade relationship between Chin and the European Union. Rationale The trade relationship between the European Union and China is an interesting and important relationship to study because of the fact that it has a long history behind it. In addition to this, it is an important relationship to study because it helps to expose aspects of competition, rapid growth, as well as questions regarding free trade and protectionism. With increased emphasis in recent times on factors like free trade, it’s important to understand the relationship that has prevailed between China and the European Union. In addition to this, it is important to understand why there may have been changes in this long relationship over the years. More importantly, it of interest to scholars and all those associated with international business that the reasons for recent changes in the relationship. These changes include the Imposing quotas on the Chinese textile industry. Research Question In view of the relationship between the Chinese and the European Union being studied in this paper, there are several details that will be exposed. However, the main question that will be dealt with includes the following: Is it fair and in the interests of free trade and competition for thee to impose quotas on the Chinese textile industry or is the EU guilty of protectionism? In order to answer this question, there needs to be detailed study of relevant data on this subject. To begin with, there is need to explore all pertinent matter on this subject, which will be dealt with in the following section of this paper: Since technological advancements have promoted more effective communication around the world, international business has been greatly facilitated. Many economies have grown as a result of better communication. The European Union and particularly China have ameliorated their means of business because of effective communication. Certainly, these effective means have enhanced the speed with which trade has taken place. Richer countries, like those in the European Union, have had the capital in to invest in ventures across the globe, and have subsequently thrived of other markets . China on its part has been faced with the necessity of keeping up to date its communications methods and systems. This has been one of the grounds for concern in the past few years, as China is a major player in international trade. Businesses that were previously limited to UK markets have been extended to other places around the globe, as a result of globalization. Products that were freely available in one part of the world were easily spread into several others. The result of this was greater influx of revenue earned, and the chief operating office or store would benefit in its original location. This is true to say fork or US establishments that had chains in markets where labour is cheap. Certainly, with the advantage that chain store provided businesses, it’s no wonder why this example of international business has been highlight in the trade arena. In addition to chain stores being lucrative earning opportunities, there are several other opportunities that have risen . In terms of considering economic conditions, it can be asserted that globalization has presented businesses in countries like the UK and US with ample opportunity for outsourcing work. This is quite a common trend now as there are markets available to countries like the UK that have cheaper labour. Outsourcing to places like India is common today because UK companies are known to save a great deal of revenue. They need not hire workers in the UK because they are more costly in contrast to hiring them in India. In time to come, more and businesses will be conducted this way through hiring labour outside teak where it is cheaper. Therefore, it can be asserted that International Business is expected to undergo more changes in time to come. This is because of the fact that businesses are still in the process of realizing the scope of profits that can be earned. China is another country that has managed to take its products to other regions, and is still in the process of ameliorating its communication methods. However, it does not face significant obstacles in this regard. Technological Developments that Impact Business Today: There are several reasons why some may believe that international business is modified by technology. This is perhaps because the causes of this are more evident in their physical form. Developments such as credit cards, swipe machines and e-commerce technology, etc., are few of the things that are implemented as part of everyday business (Kennedy,2000, 34-9). With the use of credit cards, one can make an international business transaction. There is no need to travel to different parts of the world to get a particular product. Products that are affordable, like ones from China, can now be purchased while one sits at home [Taylor, 2002, 28]. Goods of various kinds are available through the Internet, and countries like China with a mass of products can serve one in almost any part of the world. This is possible because of products being available through the Internet and through payment with a credit card, etc. Here, one can see how important the establishment of the Internet has been in promoting international business too. The Internet is at the centre of technology as well as economic and political conditions too, and it is almost always considered when controls are being decided upon regarding safeguarding international business. This refers to the fact that businesses are known to exchange vital data across it during transactions or other forms of communication through it (Kennedy, 2000, 34-9). Also related to the Internet-based technology is telecommunication that has been transformed too. This type of technology has made things more convenient for business individuals in different parts of the world. Countries like China have been working to make sure their systems are up to date and capable of meeting requirements of trading partners like the EU. Today, instead of business people having to meet in person, they simply have online conferences and conversations. Even prior to signing contracts and going through with business deals, these forms of corresponding are proving to be successful. China is no stranger to these forms of communication (Kennedy, 2000, 34-9). The Trade Relationship between the European Union and China: Trade relations between different countries are important as they each form a part of a larger trade environment. Considering the China-European Union trade relationship, it can be asserted that this trade relationship indeed forma a significant part of the overall trade environment. This is because of the fact that China is third on the list of countries that the European Union trades with. What may be considered to be more significant is the fact that this trade relationship is one that has a long history to it, and has seen three different stages. Another interesting fact to note is that export and import volumes have always been on the rise between these two countries over the years in spite of obstacles coming in between these countries. The three stages through which the China and European Union trade relationship has gone through is as follows: 1. Western ostracism/Chinese self-sufficiency, 1949-1959; 2. Increasing bilateral trade development/low conflict levels, 1960-1988; and 3. EU-level trade policy/explosive trade growth/increasing trade conflict, 1989-present The first stage is the stage within which sanctions were imposed on China because of the Communist takeover. The sanctions were first imposed by the United States of America, and then were followed by the European countries. The trade volume during this period is almost not worth considering, and whatever trade did take place before these sanctions could be considered as a starting point in the trade relationship. Having sanctions imposed could in a manner of speaking mean that there was a relationship between Europe and China. Otherwise there would be no need for sanctions. The following stage in the trade relationship between China and the European Union describes a gradual increase in trade. The gradual increase in trade was later transformed into rapid trade developments[Table 1 reflects these trade development] and even agreements being signed between the two regions. Out of the different trade agreements signed during this period, it can be said that the most important of these are the agreement on commercial co-operation [1978], and the trade and economic agreement signed in [1985] . The third phase in which China and the European Union are in reflect the rapid trade progress that began in the second stage of their trade relations. Though this third stage has seen several developments, it has also seen several conflicts. However, bilateral relations still continue. The problem that seems to be most significant is that the European Union is further tightening its rules on the trade relationship with regard to specific products. The latest of these obstacles to trade between China and the European Union is the licensing quotas that have been imposed by the European Union on the import of textile from China. What do obstacles like quotas do? When two countries have traded for several years, they automatically gain an understanding between each other and trade volumes tend to expand gradually. This is similar to what exists between China and the European Union. They have traded with each other for several years, and this has led to agreements being signed between them. This has meant that trading between the two regions has become more practical, as trading obstacles were removed significantly. When trading obstacles are mentioned here it means that tariffs are removed. Precisely, this is why quotas should not be applied to any trade relationships as it introduces tariffs on trade. When tariffs are introduced, trade is less convenient, and this may even be a sign of deliberate attempts to reduce trade between two regions. In the case of China and the European Union, since the European Union has imposed licensing quotas on exports from China, it is apparent that the EU wants to mitigate textiles coming from China. This is because the EU had signed agreements that reduced tariffs and trade barriers when they traded with China (Ma, Wang, 2001, 22-5). Is There Any Specific Reason for the European Union Imposing Quotas on China? Over the years, when the EU has traded with China there has been change in the quality of exports coming from China. Previously, China had been known for its low quality products (Dong et al, 1998, 19-27).However, it can be asserted that there has been a change in the quality that China produces for the EU market. China has become increasingly aware of the fact that the EU market is quality conscious. This is because they understand that the market in several EU members is affluent. Particularly, Germany is a market that goes for high quality goods. China has therefore understood the need to develop an identity that may not have been before. Since European consumers now demonstrate shift in their attitudes, there is more scope for Chinese and other Asian countries to cater to these attitudes. A significant segment of consumers in the EU are ready to explore new brands (Lee, 2003, 20-2}.With their high expectations of new products and brands, these consumers present tremendous scope for the Chinese and other Asian countries to produce quality goods and services. Particularly in the case of the Chinese, it can be asserted that with their low cost quality goods, they can capture a great deal of the market (Fuchs,2003). In accordance with surveys, it is thought that China indeed has good chances of capturing a significant part of the European market as compared to other Asian countries. What goes in China’s favour is the fact that they have had had a long relationship with the European Union, and consumers have taken to their products. In addition to this, China’s prices have been more affordable than other Asian countries, considering the quantity they produce as well. It is because of this that China has managed to maintain an image as a supplier to major markets [Fuchs, 2003]. This has also helped its reputation as it has managed to align itself alongside other members of the WTO. Therefore, on its part, China has done nothing to violate the rules of the WTO (Williams et al, 2002, 577-91. Having mentioned China’s abidance by the WTO rules, it is worth noting that China had Seventy Thousand Textile and clothing enterprises in2002, of which only twenty present are state-owned. With more than 80percent of the textile industry in the hands of the private sector, China is doing well to abide by WTO policies. Though China has been doing well, in 2002, it was predicted that China was headed for obstacles. One of the first obstacles was thought to be â€Å"the increasingly strong hi-tech tendency led by information progress†. Considering that there has been an immense advancement in data interchange, e-commerce and virtual trading sites, if China did not focus on these aspects it would not be able to stay in the market(Taylor et al., 2001). In addition to this, it was thought that China would have to face an â€Å"expediting tendency of economic globalization and market integration marked with the World Trade Organization† . Obviously China has been making progress in these directions, and this is the reason why they are still in the market and in demand as suppliers of quality products at reduced costs. Though there are still many consumers who have the impression that China continues with its low quality and bulk produced goods, there are also many consumers who are ready to explore the newer Chinese brands that aim at producing better quality to consumers in thee that have higher expectations [Fuchs, 2003]. As far as working according to the WTO expectations is concerned, China has managed to so far combat its trade functions that are not according to WTO expectations. As a result of this, China has gained through its membership, and it is ready to take further steps in order to be completely in sync with WTO standards (Yang, 2001, 437-42). One benefit that China has had since it joined the WTO is that its textile and clothing exports to the US have increase momentously. This is reflected in the fact that US textile and clothing imports from China had risen by 124 % in 2002. This was one year after China joined the WTO in 2001.â€Å"Chinese exporters reduced their prices in order to gain a greater share in the market. They were able to do so, among other reasons, because quota rents were reduced and Chinese enterprises increased their productivity by investing heavily in new machinery and technology† (Knapped, 2003). As a result of this, China realized that it had even greater scope for exports, and continued to work towards enhancing its quality and output in the textile and clothing industry. In 2000, China’s output in the textile and clothing industry has stood at 97.7% while the US has stood at 76.3 %. In contrast to these high percentages, the EU’s output has dropped from 53% (1980) to 29% (1995).Quite obviously, the EU textile market has been on the decline, and has also been known to undergo a continuous process of restructuring in this industry . Another interesting fact to note is that while import quotas were reduced in the past 15-20 years, China’s exports to the EU increased bay startling 164%. In contrast to China’s huge volume of export to thee in the category of textile and clothing, other countries only increased their exports to the EU by 10 % . Since the USA and the EU both had anticipated such a situation in which China would overwhelm domestic markets in these two countries [in the category of textile and clothing products], when China entered the Wrother agreement included allowing any member to re-impose quotas in order to safeguard themselves. The agreement allowed any member to impose quotas for a period of one year between 2005 and 2008, but this was only in the case of domestic markets being affected in the USA and thee . What Does the WTO Say About Discrimination? It is known that agreements formed between member countries are meant to benefit all members as a whole. It is rare that agreements intrude discriminate against some countries. In order to prevent discrimination in trade taking place, the WTO has set standards that are to be followed closely. Being a successor to the GATT, it follows the principles set by the GATT as well. Indeed, many of the newer policies established are a result of GATT policies that were first established in the 1940s (Brews, et al, 1996, 27-51). The WTO [World Trade Organization] is the successor of the GATT[General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade]. The WTO is at present, an organization, which has further developed various policies dealing with multilateral trade, and also has maintained and followed policies that were established under GATT. Policies that are followed under GATTinclude articles 1 and 3 under GATT 1994. The WTO upholds the GATT 1994policy, which consists of the principle of non-discrimination. These are particularly relevant to the trade relationship between China and the European Union (Brews, et al, 1996, 27-51). Basically, the principle of in the GATT 1944 has two main points that promote fair multilateral trade. These include the Most-Favoured Nation[MFN], which is the clause contained in GATT Article I, and the second one is the National Treatment rule that comes under Article III(Brews, et al, 1996, 27-51). In accordance with Article I, Members of the WTO are not supposed to discriminate between the products of other Members and the products that are from any other country. This is especially the case with developing countries that try to promote themselves as possible. No country is supposed to have any special trading benefits with another country or discriminate against it. As a result of this, all members are believed to have equal rights, and they all have the same benefits that come of any rules for lower trade barriers (Hoekman Kostecki, 2001, 37-50). The MFN principle mentioned earlier, guarantees countries, whether they are developing countries or ones with little economic leverage, so that they may gain freely from the most appropriate trading conditions no matter when and where they are decided upon. The important component of non-discrimination, National Treatment, is yet another supporting factor. In accordance with Article III, once products have been launched in any market, they should be treated the same as locally produced ones (Brews, et al, 1996, 27-51). It must be asserted that the principle of non-discrimination is the central rule around which the rules of the multilateral trading system are established. Another consideration that might be brought into play is the fact that the WTO practically overrules the other policies and laws when it comes to sustaining trade between countries. Its policies are such that it has the power to overrule laws such as environmental-based as well. In addition to this, it is an agreement that is believed to be powerful enough to overrule government powers through imposing sanctions. Theta agreement has the power to overrule policies that prevent trade from taking place multilaterally (Martin Ianchovichina, 2001,1205). Free trade refers to an agreement whereby all member countries are allowed to conduct uninhibited trade without any barriers being imposed on them once their products are introduced in the market (Brews, etal, 1996, 27-51). The WTO mission statement asserts that the organization aims at promoting smooth and free trade through encouraging lower trade barriers. In addition to this, it also provides a platform that caters to the negotiation of trade; it helps in resolving trade disputes as well between member nations. Also, the aim of the WTO is to aid producers of goods and services, importers and exporters to carry out their businesses (Hoekman Kostecki, 2001, 37-50). The WTO Trading system follows the following principles in order to fulfil their mission. It asserts that: 1. A trading system is encouraged to be more competitive. 2. A trading system needs to be open and accommodating so that less developed countries are encompassed. This will provide them with more time, greater flexibility, and privileges too. 3. A trading system needs to be free of discrimination in order to prevent one country from discriminating against another country or against foreign products or services. 4. A trading system should not have barriers that inhibit it from trading freely. 5. A trading system needs to be predictable in a manner that foreign companies and governments can have the confidence that trade obstacles will not take place and that the markets they invest in will not suffering anyway (Hoekman Kostecki, 2001, 37-50). From the above, the WTO promotes a suitable environment within which businesses can be introduced, can operate, and may not be driven out of easily. It is an organization lends tremendous support to trading countries like China that has immense scope for growth. Methodology: In order to conduct a study and answer the above research question, there is need to understand what can be deciphered from the matter reviewed. The matter reviewed will essentially consist of authentic material that is concerned with the relationship between China and the European Union, and also what the WTO principles state regarding the trade relations between these two sides. The literature review will reanalysed thoroughly so as to expose the underlying answer to the research question. For this study, there will be a qualitative as well as a quantitative method employed. This means that in addition to the literature review that would serve as a good amount of data, a survey will also be conducted and analysed. The survey will consist of 10 questions and 50participants randomly selected. This data obtained through the survey will be compared with the reviewed literature in order to determine whether opinions coincide or not. Sources for the literature review are ones that are relative to the issue and are authentic, as they are taken from books, journals as well as official websites, newspapers and magazines. Sources used in the literature review are relevant to the area of study as well as the other relevant views that help in exploring this area of study as deeply as possible. In addition to the use of the sources mentioned above, the important factors belonging to field studied here are obtained from other studies and presentations, which means that this Isa qualitative study. This helps to bring together a wider range of opinions and facts that can be analysed from different angles. Careful analysis will be carried out in order to answer the research question. After analysing the facts presented and making use of opinions as well, the study will be concluded. Analysis Trade relations between any two regions are not only governed by principles set between them, but are also directly influenced by factors outside the relationship. This could refer to globalization-influenced communications or even political rules through organizations. The relationship between China and the European is an example of a trade relationship that is subject to external influences as well as the agreements set between the two regions. The reason why it is said that the trade relationship between China and the EU is influenced by external factors is because of the comparisons that are often made with the EU’s trade relationships with other countries. Also, the fact that China is now a member of the WTO means that both trading regions are now under the WTO obligations (Martin Ianchovichina, 2001, 1205). However, the trade relationship between the two regions is not mitigated by the WTO. Instead, the WTO encourages a better trade relationship between the two regions. It can therefore be said that the trade relationship between the EU and China is one that is mainly influenced by the agreements that the two countries have. The history of the relationship between these trading regions plays an important role in understanding the relationship, as the relationship was strengthened over a several years and trade volumes grew proportionately as well (Martin Ianchovichina, 2001, 1205). The European Union’s Viable Markets: Since the very beginning of the trade relationship between China and the European Union, both sides saw immense scope for exports and imports. This is because both of them realized that they had markets that needed services and products from each other. Particularly, the European members realized that they had a vast consumer market the Chinese could cater to. Chinese products and services suited Consumers because of the fact that China was able to supply in bulk and that to at a low cost. Till today this is one of the major reasons why the EU is keen on trading with them. This is in spite of the fact that there are conflicts between the two sides. The Chinese have always realized the potential in EU market through the years. They are aware of the fact that they can produce products and services that are affordable for most consumers in the European Union. They have understood the consumers in the past as well as now, and are aware of the shifts that are taking place in consumer culture. The Chinese are also well aware of how much they need to ameliorate their quality with regard to particular products and services. They know that there is an affluent market to cater to in addition to the average consumer who would settle for more affordable products produced in China. Since the general impression of China has been that they produce low quality products in bulk, the Chinese are changing that image now. They know that a significant portion of the EU market has affluent individuals who want quality products. China knows that it is in apposition to produce this quality for a small sacrifice. They will lower their margin of profit in order to achieve this, and would still be able to make profits that are more than what other countries can do. In addition to being aware of their capability and how much they can do to withhold significant portions of the EU market, the Chinese also know that there is a portion of the EU market that is willing to explore newer brands. This is something that would help them create a better image for themselves. As mentioned above, many believe that China produces low quality goods. However, with a significant portion of the EU market being curious enough to explore new products, gives China a good opportunity to ameliorate its image as a country that produces quality goods (Kong, 2001, 1181-214). This is the case with the textile and clothing products that China produces. It has aimed at producing better quality in recent times, but may also have low quality as well because the change is still in progress. Demand for Chinese Textile and Clothing Since it Entered the WTO: Since it entered the WTO in 2001, China’s textile and clothing products have been in demand in both, the USA and the EU. The fact that they have improved their quality and because they are cheaper than the same products supplied by other countries, puts them ahead (Martin Ianchovichina, 2001, 421–446). In addition to this, there aren’t many countries that can produce goods in the quantity that China can [Table3 reflects the increased number of employed individuals in China].However, China is flooding the market with its textile and clothing products, and this is a significant degree of concern for developed countries like the USA and the EU. The EU in particular has objected tithe manner in which their market has been flooded and the manner in which their domestic producers are being hurt. This is the reason why they are now imposing quotas on Chinese textile and clothing exports. Quotas that previously applied to Chinese exports to the EU were removed in order to ameliorate trade between the two regions. This waste make trade more prosperous, and it certainly did help the trade volumes increase significantly. However, after 2001, when China entered the WTO, Chinese textile and clothing products were welcomed to such an extent that they flooded the EU market. This is the reason why the EU has decided to re-impose quotas on Chinese textile and clothing exports to the EU (Martin Ianchovichina, 2001, 421–446). Many object to the EU re-imposing quotas that bring back the effects of tariffs and trade obstacles between China and the EU. They believe that it is unfair and that the EU is abandoning its commitment to trade under the WTO rules. Here, it is important to include what the WTO rules assert regarding such a situation where the EU has attempted to mitigate textile and clothing exports from China to the EU (Martin Ianchovichina, 2001, 421–446). Is the European Union Violating WTO Principles? In view of the WTO principles, it is clear that member countries are not supposed to discriminate against any products or member countries. In addition to this, it is said that no member me provide advantages intrude over other member countries. This is something that the EU has done

Meditation: Does it Alter the Mind and the Body? :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Meditation: Does it Alter the Mind and the Body? BEEP BEEP BEEP!!!! 9:00 am starts flashing on your alarm clock and you immediately run through your "to do list" for the day. It's a long list, filled with classes, meetings, homework, meals, exams...etc. Being the master of multitasking, I have a tendency to perform various tasks at once. As a result, my concentration level decreases while my stress level increases. How can this lack of concentration and stress level be fixed? Many people turn to meditation, but does this practice actually work? And if so, how does meditation work to change the mind and the body? Meditation is defined as "...engagement in contemplation, especially of a spiritual or devotional nature...an attempt to concentrate mind on a single form or an idea or an aspect of divinity at the exclusion of all other forms and the ideas. The mind is focused inwards, and this effort of concentration acts as stimulus to gain access to the knowledge of the object of meditation" (1). The practice of meditation involves both psychological and physiological changes. For example, the altering of breathing patterns and thought processes. But does meditation guarantee mental and physical change? Meditation forces an individual to gain complete control of their inner self. But, what exactly is the inner self? The subconscious is an integral constituent of the internal mind. It is located deep in the core of the mind, acting as the center of emotions, behavior, creativity, and imagination. In addition, subconscious maintains good health (2). Does meditation allow an individual to open the hidden doors of the subconscious mind? What is the difference between the subconscious and conscious mind? You can think of the conscious mind as known knowledge while the subconscious mind is unknown knowledge. Meditation taps into the subconscious mind and uncovers veiled realities about the inner self. To investigate whether meditation affects the mind, studies were performed on subjects practicing meditation techniques. In conclusion, the experimenters discovered an increase in productivity, improved relations at work, increased inner potential, increased strength of self-concept, and red uced anxiety (3). All these factors can be thought of as being an element of an individual's subconscious mind because it involves behavior and thought procedures. Moreover, the focus of one image steers an individual away from multitasking and toward greater concentration. In a sense, an individual becomes more aware of their inner self as a result of focused attentiveness.

Alert, Alerter, Alertest :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

Alert, Alerter, Alertest "Our military at home and around the world is on high alert status and we have taken the necessary security precautions to continue the functions of your government." President George W. Bush, September 11, 2001 As an American, I am on a state of high alert much of the time. I tend to be alert to inequities, discrimination, intolerance, injustice, restriction of liberty. "Give me liberty or give me death," was Patrick Henry's cry. "Live Free or Die" is New Hampshire's motto. I am alert to affronts to democracy. My American nervous system is on alert, like a smoke detector, to tell me of dangers and threats. I have American sensors, receptors, antennae. They are set to pick up any trace of insults and injuries to the American way of life. We Americans have a sensitivity to mistreatment of people, to bias, prejudice, abridgements of democratic principles. We've got 10 of them in our secular form of the Ten Commandments of Moses. But more than this bill of particulars, our Bill of Rights, we have additional rights. They include the Declaration of Independence's "inalienable rights"--life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. They probably include Franklin D. Roosevelt's Four Freedoms- "The first is freedom of speech and expression -- everywhere in the world. "The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way -- everywhere in the world. "The third is freedom from want -- which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants -- everywhere in the world. "The fourth is freedom from fear -- which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor--anywhere in the world." (Jan. 6, 1941) In addition to such explicit statements, we are concerned about other rights that are implicit. And we are alert to them as well. Social conscience is one form of our patriotism. A patriot of democracy believes in disagreement, in unpopular ideas, thoughts, and opinions. What is unpatriotic is mob behavior, complacency, conformity, when everyone does the same thing.

Race And Law In Philadelphia :: essays research papers

RACE AND THE LAW IN PHILADELPHIA   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If you’re ever driving down I-95 through Philadelphia, you will notice an exit for Allegheny Avenue. Allegheny Ave is one of the most dangerous parts of Philly you can drive through. Predominantly black with some Puerto Ricans and a handful of whites, Allegheny is situated between the Delaware River and abandoned industrial complexes. Windows are kept closed and doors are locked as you drive past bums, drug dealers, scorched abandoned cars, sleazy strip bars, cops and crack heads. You can buy cocaine and marijuana on almost every side street just by driving down with your window rolled down. Corners with lots of shoes hanging from a single telephone poll advertise heroin and crack. Once you drive under the L-train, you can amuse yourself by playing the spot-the-prostitute-game. Paddy wagons are never parked to far away and cops patrol by, ignoring the misdemeanors around them and just trying to make worthwhile arrests.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If you go no more than 20 minutes west, you’ll end up in Manyunk, which is directly on the border of Philadelphia, and to residents, is considered part of it. Unlike Allegheny Ave, the main street is littered with import stores, hip coffee houses, yuppie bars and colorful banners that welcome you to the town. It’s a perfect place for happy couples and families to go for shopping, dinning, and entertainment. The surrounding neighborhoods mainly consist of white people who have grown up in Philadelphia. There are plenty of barking dogs, swing sets and kids who play street hockey without a worry besides being home by dinner. The families are mainly blue-collar workers that are able to send their kids to parochial schools. Everyone knows everyone else in the neighborhood and you get the sense that people watch out for each other. Occasionally a cop will patrol by but nothing ever really goes on besides the occasional breaking of the noise curfew. All in all, there isn’t a lot of law enforcement there because there doesn’t need to be.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You’re probably wondering why these two neighborhoods are different. A lot of different factors come into play but I will attempt to explain it anyway. First, environment definitely seems to be a big factor in the direction a community will take. Allegheny Ave is pretty much detached from a lot of the city. The schools are seriously over-crowded and are known to be dangerous.

Hillcrest Medical Essay

Chief Complaint: Tightness in the chest, shortness of breath, fast heart rate. HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLINESS: Mr. Barua is a 42 year old gentleman from Bangladesh who presents with chest tightness, shortness of breath, and tachycardia. Dr. J.K McClean of cardiology is evaluating his heart condition. The patient has had the recent onset of hemoptysis. He was treated for tuberculosis in Bangladesh 15 years ago. This has prompted the concern of weather his treatment of tuberculosis was adequate or if weather there is another cause of his hemoptysis. The duration of his tuberculosis treatment was apparently adequate, according to his wife. But no records are available. In addition, the patient had thrombosis of the axially artery treated last year at Hillcrest. He had an embolectomy and has been on Coumadin since. INR is significantly elevated at 16. None the less, because of the cavitary lesions that are seen in the right and left upper lobes, the possibility of tuberculosis has been raised. Ancillary history was been given by the wife, Nupaul, with the patient translating for her from the Indie language. PAST HISTORY: Tuberculosis is the past. Embolectomy at Hillcrest last year. SOCIAL HISTORY: Married with two daughters. Patient has been in the USA for 10 years. The patient has no recent history of smoking he smoked in the past. But the amount is unclear. He is a restaurant manager for the Marriot hotel chain. FAMILY HISTORY: No known family history of diabetes, heart disease, or cancer. Mother died of a stroke and father was killed in a MVA in Bangladesh. REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: Negative other than as stated in HPI. PHYSCIAL EXAMINATION: Vital signs are WNL. Apparently he has had no fever, chills or night sweats. Generalized malaise and the lack of energy has been the main concern. HEART: Regular rate a rhythm with S1 and S2. No S3 or S4 is heard at this time. LUNGS: Bilateral bronchi. No significant euphoric sounds were noted. ABDOMEN: Soft non tender. No hepatosplenomegagaly detected. RESTAL: Prostate smooth and firm, no stool present of Hemoccult test. DIAGNOSIS: Hemoptysis with history of tuberculosis. PLAN: I have reviewed the chest x-rays available here and agree with the finding of bleb formation in the right and left upper lobes. Despite the patient has had a high INR, because of his history of hempotysis and tuberculosis I believe obtaining sputum for TB is very, very important. We should rule out any other endobronchial lesions are the cause of his bleeding. I have discussed this matter with the patient and his wife. I told them that there is a possibility of observing the condition via x-rays and repeated tested of sputum. They understand that this is an option However, they have decided because of the concern regarding of his repeating hemoptysis, they would consent to bronchoscopy. We will arrange for the patient to have a bronchoscopy done. The patient is off Coumadin. We will recheck the prothrombin time and INR tomorrow. Depending on those results we will proceed with bronchoscopy and further evaluation.

Early Christian Architecture Essay

Early Christian Architecture We incur spoken of how one style of architecture develops from another, and we are now to note concisely at a form which is in general strategic as being a link in the chain of styles. there are not many important buildings of the Early Christian style. It came into being at a time when not oft(prenominal) building was going on that is, during the archeozoic centuries of Christianity, and what good examples there are, are closely all church servicees. During the low three centuries of the Christian era Christianity was under the ban of persecution, and there was not much chance for it to diaphanous itself in great architecture.But, other(a) in the fourth century, Constantine became Emperor and was converted to Christianity. He made Christianity the State godliness. Constantine founded three thumping basilicas in capital of Italy, all of which have been buried or destroyed. The chief objects to be mentation of in these churches was to bu ild without too much cost, to do it quickly, and to accommodate large congregations. A great structural principle which they utilise in roofing, or spanning spaces, is the truss. This is a launch of beams, or of beams and rods, so disposed and secure as to make a perpetual support or bridge crossways an open space.The truss was used by the papisticals in roofing their basilicas. CHIEF FEATURES As the great Romanesque style grew out of this proto(prenominal) Christian architecture, let us look at the main features of the earlier and simpler style. rough of the most important of these features are maintain also in the Gothic church and we s vestibule wish to see, as we precise good can see, how they grew out of this first archaeozoic Christian style. The buildings of this style were simple in form, but of noble proportions, and, though very landing field without, they were frequently gorgeous within.A notable circumstance about the archean Christian work is the fact tha t its monuments were make largely from ruins and fragments quarried from earlier Roman work. No doubt much beauty was ruthlessly destroyed in this way. Before the Christian era Cato borrowed from the Greeks their hall of justice the first one being erected in Rome about 190 years out comportment Christ. These basilicas ordinarily had a large hall connected with a portico, and encircling galleries often enclosed the whole.When Christianity became a State religion these buildings came to be used for religious purposes. The basilica always had a central aisle and this nave or central portion was ordinarily separated from the side aisles by rows of columns. At the further end of the nave was the sanctuary or apse, in front of which stood the altar. In front of the whole was usually an atrium or fore-court, border by a cover arcade. The outside(prenominal) was extremely plain, and the interior resplendent with marbles and mosaics. A wooden roof covered the edifice.Figure 29 is t he ground externalise of a basilica which will visualize us the general arrangement, although this basilica does not happen to be an old Roman example. Above the columns that surrounded the nave there usually arose another story called the clerestory (clear story), the walls of which were perforate with windows. This is a feature which persists through afterward styles, and it is interesting to see its simple and plain beginning. Some of the Egyptian temples had clerestories, but the European examples date back only to early Christian architecture.