Energy Sources Of Renewable Energy - 1944 Words

Executive Summary The development of renewable and alternative energy is becoming more and more necessary as the traditional fossil fuel energy is a non-renewable energy and can cause various environmental problems such as the global warming effect. However, the challenge today in generating alternative energy is to find a cost effective way while has the smallest harmful environmental impacts. Developing bioenergy have the advantage of reducing greenhouse gas emission while creating great economic values. Introduction Biomass energy is considered as one of the renewable energies in the latest alternative energy sources development. According to the renewable energy consumption source data Table. I from U.S energy information administration, biomass energy is the largest source of renewable energies and the total share of biomass energy among all of the five alternative energies is approximately 50%. Although there is a 2.3% decrement of total consumption of biomass energy from 2014 to 2015 due to the decrease of wood consumption, there’s still a large potential for the bioenergy technology growth. Table I. Total consumption source of renewable energy. Unit: Trillion btu [1] Biomass refers to the biodegradable wastes and non-fossilized organic materials originating from plants, animals and micro-organisms derived from biological sources. [2] Currently, research in biomass energies can be divided into two major parts. The first part if theShow MoreRelatedRenewable Sources Of Energy And Energy1120 Words   |  5 PagesAlternate energies are forms of energy that do not deplete natural resources or harm the earth. The sources of the energies are naturally found or generated or are part of a natural conversion from one source into another. Energy cannot be destroyed but can be converted into other forms, therefore there are many reactions occurring around us that allow us to harness these energies. Alternate sources of energy has been extensively researched as a result of the large energy crisis that is being experiencedRead MoreEnergy Sources Of Renewable Energy1292 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction. Nowadays, with the continuous increase in the demand for energy consumption resulted by both population and socioeconomic growth, making it a priority to satisfy such a demand for all developed countries. This report aims initially to focus on the energy situation in the United Kingdom, and then present two forms of energy conventional energy in specific coal, and renewable energy which is wind energy, and will finally recommend the most suitable one after comparing and contrastingRead MoreRenewable Energy Sources Of Energy2600 Words   |  11 PagesThe worldwide demand of energy has been increasing considerably. Up to 2030, it is supposed to be 60% higher than today (B. SCHMITZ, 2013). Currently, non-renewable energy sources, like coal and oil, are more commonly used, since they are cheaper than renewable energies. In the European Union, 80% of the energy consumption demands are covered by fossil sources (B. SCHMITZ, 2013). But, non-renewable energy sources are running out and they are also very harmful for the environment, since they generateRead MoreEnergy Of Renewable Energy Sources Essay1568 Words   |  7 PagesIn recent years many endeavors have been devoted to reduce the pollutant energy generation by increasing the utilization of clean energy sources. Actually, the power sector is responsible for roughly a quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions [1]. Thus, the widespread introduction of renewable energy sources is seen to be one of the major solutions. Meanwhile, fossil fuel based power plants will still be needed. In any case, fully abstaining from the use of fossil fuels is difficult. Nevertheless,Read MoreRenewable Sources Of Energy And Energy1983 Words   |  8 Pagesof all the energy used in the day-to-day lives and operations of the entire world population are nonrenewable. This energy is created from the fossil fuels: coal, petroleum and natural gas. Fossil fuels are still cheap and high in supply, but the rate at which we are consuming them, which is only expected to increase, vastly exceeds the rate at which they regenerate. This creates the aforementioned problem of mankind running out of the required natural resources to fuel its own energy demands. TheRead MoreRenewable Energy Sources For Energy1540 Words   |  7 Pagesconcern over the growing demand for energy, and the lack of non-renewable energy resources to meet the demand in the future. In addition, the question of â€Å"sustainability†;the ability to balance social, economic, and environmental needs in energy production to meet both current and long-term requirements;has come to the forefront. It is clear that America must expand energy production quickly, and that we must develop renewable, sustainable energy sources to meet long-term demand and protectRead MoreThe Energy Source Of Renewable Energy3041 Words   |  13 Pagesis using fossil fuels, which are nonrenewable sources. Fossil fuels are cheap and limited. They will soon be depleted. The world needs to find a source of energy that is not only renewable but sustainable. Sustainable Energy is usually associated with renewable energy. This is because renewable energy is a continuous source. However, the sustainability of each of different types of renewable energy vary. Sustainable energy means that amount of energy that is used, is also generated. The idea of sustainabilityRead MoreSources Of Energy : Renewable Energy Essay2221 Words   |  9 Pages sources of energy 1- Renewable energy Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources—such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat—which are renewable (naturally replenished). Renewable energy technologies range from solar power, wind power, hydroelectricity/micro hydro, biomass and biofuels for transportation. Renewable energy is energy that is generated from natural processes that are continuously replenished. This includes sunlight, geothermal heat, wind, tides, water,Read MoreSources Of Energy : Renewable Energy Essay2238 Words   |  9 PagesSources of energy 1- Renewable energy Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources—such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat—which are renewable (naturally replenished). Renewable energy technologies range from solar power, wind power, hydroelectricity/micro hydro, biomass and biofuels for transportation. Renewable energy is energy that is generated from natural processes that are continuously replenished. This includes sunlight, geothermal heat, wind, tides, water, andRead MoreRenewable Sources Of Energy Sources1213 Words   |  5 PagesEnergy Sources Introduction Energy sources have been identified as being vital in running virtually all domestic and industrial operations. There are two types of energy sources; renewable energy sources and nonrenewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources refer to the kinds that are naturally replenished. These include sunlight, the wind, ocean tides, waves, geothermal heat and rain (Tiwari et al., 2012). Nonrenewable energy sources, on the other hand, are the kinds that do not renew themselves

Leadership in Context Free Essays

The â€Å"Ah Hal† moment is distributed leadership actually did happened in my past appointment as the Course Commander in the Engineer Training Institute (ET). Being selected in the appointment and the most senior in rank, I naturally assumed the position of the leader with my subordinates taking Instructions from me. However, for certain events such as organizing of unit’s Chinese New Year event, managing of officer cadets’ cohesion activities, and specific training packages, I delegated the planning to my team. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership in Context or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through the process, it was encouraging to see some of my instructors took the initiative to emerge as the assume leader to organize and successfully completed the task with minimum supervision. Despite being successful, I had also observed that my instructors’ Kim-Yin Chain et al. , Military Leadership in the 21st Century Science and Practice, 1st edition (Singapore: Coinage Learning Asia, 2011). Peg 148 2 Leonard Wong, Paul Bellies, and Dennis McGuire, â€Å"Military Leadership: A Context Specific Review,† US Army Research, January 1, 2003, http://adolescents. Nil. Due/ chrysanthemum/1 6. Peg 657-692. Reiterative in organizing the event could have been limited by my supervision at some point of time. Hence, It Is of my view that It Is Indeed possible that distributed leadership can be Implemented quite successfully In certain areas In SAFE. My post-action review Len- relation to the concept of Orpheus are being summarized in three points. Firstly, application of distr ibuted leadership can be applied in military context particularly for a small group who had attained a certain level of military competencies. It provides opportunities for a rotational leadership role, allowing any individual to merge as leader and to realize the rich potential as a group. Secondly, the empowerment given to the Individual must be respected and trusted to reduce their authority and leadership through a shared vision, mission and purpose. The concept will allow the group to generate greater passion and motivation to reach the desired outcome. Lastly, distributed leadership need to be carefully calibrated in a traditionally hierarchical organization to prevent the wrong impression of a laissez- fairer or no leadership approach. By planning forward, distributed leadership can be seed to enhanced specific core competencies skills 3 such as creative thinking, communicating to influence, decision making, develop people and team, developing the individual for success. Task 2: State the appointment that you are likely to be posted to after SC. Being a Combat Engineer by vocation, my next possible appointment might be taking over command in one of the battalion of Singapore Combat Engineer (SEE). I shall 3 SAFE-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004. SAFE Leadership Framework. 26 July 04. Provide my assessment and direction in accordance to â€Å"Circle† of the SAFE Leadership 417 Frameworks; mission and purpose, operating environment and desired outcome, to strive forward and achieve a collective vision for my unit. Mission and Purpose. From the theory of core ideology by Jim Collins and Jerry Operas, the core values and core purpose of great organization does not change. The unit’s mission and purpose in line with SAFE, in peacetime, is to safeguard our nation’s security, thereby ensuring Singapore survival ultimately. I will work to ensure that the unit perform the function of raise, train and sustain, and continues to be ready to play its role in arrangement Singapore security during my tour and for the foreseeable future. I would consider adopting the leadership in Battle and Garrisons that was taught in LLC lesson 8 in achieving the mission under differing s ituational requirements. Understanding the flexibility of the competing values and behaviors will first allow me to place emphasis in maintaining relevant in fulfilling the â€Å"swift and decisive victory’ part of the MINDED/SAFE mission and renewed the focus on the unit’s hotter capability, so as to set in place the building blocks for our evolving role in the future operating environment. 4 SAFE-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004. SAFE Leadership Framework. 26 July 04. Jim Collins and Jerry I. Operas, Built to Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies 6 Reuben Gal and A. David Manageresses, Handbook of Military Psychology, 1 edition (Chester ; New York: Wiley, 1991). Peg. 411-429. 5 Operating Environment From LLC lesson 7 that organizational culture is important to the influence of leadership and vice versa. Edgar H. Scheme said † group growth and culture formation can be seen as two sides of the same coin, and both are the result of leadership activities and shared experiences†. 7 The operating environment of the unit is not Just being ready to handle any contingency but also being operationally proficient to carry out our security operations on a daily basis. Thus the unit needs to be operationally ready to face the continuous complex VI-CA environment. The unit will need to train the men to attain an approved level of technical competence on operating combat engineers’ equipments and honing the analytical functions of the commanders to operating in the various operating conditions. The unit culture will be â€Å"a pattern of hared, basic taken-for-granted assumptions, the culture will manifest itself at the level of observable artifacts and shared espoused beliefs and values†. To meet the demand and influencing the culture, I will take on the leadership by example to be the source of beliefs and values to gradually build a shared assumptions among the commanders and men in the unit. Desired Outcome My desired outcome is to develop an operational, cohesive and discipline unit, which is capable of maintaining safety and achieving mission success in a wide spectrum of operations. The unit should comprises of committed soldiers who are highly proficient in their tasks and proud of their identity as Combat Engineer soldiers. A few key factors to focus on to maintain high level of performance and competency are: (1) To display 7 Edgar H. Scheme, Organizational Culture and Leadership, 3rd Edition edition (San Francisco: Josses Bass, 2004). Peg 87-88 8 Ibid. Leadership by example. Leaders who â€Å"walks the talk† will enable his men and commanders to sense and be inspired by the actions and commitment. (2) To build quality relationships. I am also a firm believer of the Core Theory of Success 9, where laity results. (3) To instill a sense of purpose. Never â€Å"go through motion† and make clear of the purpose in the tasking so as to enable strong sense of ownership and foster a stronger commitment to the unit. Task 3: Identify and explain the key leadership requirements for my appointment. Values Figure 1 . SAFE 24-7 Leadership Frameworks Based on the SAFE 24-7 Leadership Framework (refer to Figure 1), a SAFE leader will need the four factors provided within the triangular block for effective leadership. First key requirement is values which is the basic foundation of the triangle. A strong set of 9 John Steersman, Organizational Learning at Work: Embracing the Challenges of the New Work place (Waltham, Mass: Pegasus Communications, 1998). 10 Adapted from SAFE-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004, â€Å"SAFE Leadership Framework†, dated 26 July 2004. Peg values that SAFE leaders derive their moral strength for influencing their soldiers. 11. The importance of values cannot be overstated and hence my values need to be aligned with the SAFE core values to remain firm in my convictions and actions. Leadership is the process of influencing people. 2 1 will lead by example and exemplify the SAFE core values to positively influence my commanders and men. With the consistent inculcation of values, it will be a guide for everyone to do the right things regardless whether one is being watched or not. Full-Range Leadership – Balancing between Transactional and Transformational Figure 2: Relationship of ELM in the Military Context The next key requirement is leader ship styles. There is no single leadership style good enough for all situations and picking up three particular styles of leadership (I. E. Situational Leadership, Path-goal theory and Full Range model) from LLC lesson 5, it 11 SEA-OLD Doctrine Directive 2/2004, â€Å"SAFE Leadership Framework†, dated 26 July 2004. Peg 3 13 Adapted from APP Chain, K. Y. , LACE-02-Slides_Overview_Concepts_Appropriateness DARPA-22 – for STUDENTS APP. Slide 49. Was understood that the styles of leadership were often dependent of the leader, the follower and situations. I believe the full range leadership model is best suited for my next appointment and I need to balance the range of styles between transactional and transformational so that I can effectively communicate and lead as a Officer Commanding (CO) of a Battalion. Reaching for transformational leadership Tyler will likely to yield a positive and longer-lasting effects. Leadership, Management and Command Figure 2: Relationship of ELM in the Military Context Other than SAFE 24-7 Leadership Framework, I will want to look at the concept of Leadership, Management and Command (ELM) (refer to Figure 2) from LLC lesson 2 to be one of the key requirement. ELM are three distinct concepts but inseparable and intertwined†1 5. Taking over a command appointment makes me dwell deeper into the LLC 14 Adapted from APP Chain, K. Y. , LOCO 15 Chain et al. Military Leadership in the 21st Century Science and Practice. Peg 8-14 concept. Looking beyond peacetime tasking and operations, although the application of all three concept are equally important, I will focus more on leadership role to influence soldiers by providing the purpose, direction and motivation that required to achieved mission success. 16 Task 4: My leadership strengths and weaknesses? Accord ing to my MYSELF report and matching the result with the SAFE 24-7 Leadership Framework, I had clearly exhibited a value-based leadership and my strength in the core competency were mission, social and developmental. The results resonated well urine my appointment as Course Commander, with extremely tight training the end-of-course survey, highlighting areas like our instructors’ role modeling, value inculcation, individual development and mission focus. The positive feedbacks were good indications that my instructors understood their roles well and they were given opportunities to develop and lead with my guidance. Socially, I had displayed good interpersonal effectiveness and able to communicate to influence my team well. With strengths, there is also weakness. One of my weakest factor reported was inflexibility of my leadership style. Previously as Course Commander, I was not deeply exposed to the various leadership styles as compared to now in GAS SC. Then, I adopted a more consistent leadership style towards my trainees and my team thinking that a more homogeneous outcome in the inculcation of the SAFE core values was better. 16 Ibid However, I realized this might not be the most effective method to motivate and lead the team. An effective leaders are those who can shift between transactional and transformational leadership styles as required by circumstances and the characteristics of followers†17. How to cite Leadership in Context, Papers

Bacillus Badius free essay sample

Dr. Robert Suran May 1 2013 Microbiology Abstract Over a three week time span I was able to successfully identify an unknown microorganism by combining the results of several tests. The first test was the Gram stain test which showed the microorganism was Gram positive and rod shaped. Using an Unknown Identification Flowchart, I proceeded to inoculate a Starch plate. In week 2, I analyzed the Starch plate and was able to determine that the results for Starch Hydrolysis were negative due to the dark color. Next, I inoculated Simmons Citrate Agar slants. By week 3 I was able to analyze the Citrate Agar, which tested negative for citrate utilization. With each successive test, the list of possible identities was being lessened until I finally came to the conclusion that only one logical microorganism remained; Bacillus badius. Introduction In this experiment I am attempting to identify an unknown microorganism. It is important to identify an unknown microorganism for many reasons, such as, if doctors need to treat an infection they need to first identify the bacteria that is causing the infection in order to know how to kill it. We will write a custom essay sample on Bacillus Badius or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unknown bacteria may also have clinical uses. For example, Penicillin, which is sometimes used to treat ear infections, is actually isolated from a fungus (Types of antibiotics). Microorganisms are classified based on many characteristics and different microorganisms may share several of these characteristics. Thus, making the possibility of identifying the microorganism, using a single test, none. Over a three week time span I was able to successfully identify the organism Bacillus badius by combining the results of several tests. For majority of the procedures I utilized the septic technique which consists of sanitary measures, such as, washing your hands. I used the Gram Stain test to determine the organisms’ morphology. I also, used the streak plate method for the Starch Hydrolysis Test. Materials and Methods The majority of the procedures for this experiment were performed as detailed for Lab 12, 13, and 14: Identification of an Unknown Microorganism as described in the s pring 2013 BIO 230 Laboratory Manual. Several procedures contributed to successfully determining the identification of the organism. With each successive result, the list of possible organisms lessened. This was done over a three week time span. The first procedure was the Gram stain. Gram staining is a simple test that has four steps: stain with crystal violet, treat with iodine, decolorize with ethanol, counter stain with safranin, and the results will either be positive (dark purple) or negative (pink). In order to do the procedure I heat fixed the unknown bacteria to a slide and positioned the slide in a staining tray. Next, I flooded the slide with crystal violet, letting it stand for 30 seconds and then rinsed it with water. Then, I flooded the smear with Gram’s iodine, letting that sit for 1 minute, before I rinsed it with water. Crystal violet is a basic dye that has a positive charge which attracts the negative charge of Gram’s iodine. The iodine is added and forms a complex with the crystal violet, thus improving the cells retention of the stain. Next, I flooded the slide with ethanol and I let it stand for 15-30 seconds, following with a water rinse. Ethanol dehydrates the peptidoglycan layer which shrinks it; making it impossible for the large crystal violet-iodine complex to penetrate through. Thus, making it trapped in the Gram positive bacteria. On the other hand, the thinner walls make it easier for the crystal violet-iodine complex to be washed out, resulting in the loss of color. Finally, the counter stain, safranin (red dye), is added to the sample by flooding it and letting it stand for 1 minute, staining it red. Finally, I rinsed both sides of the slide with water and blotted it dry with bibulous paper. Because the safranin is lighter than the crystal violet, it does not disturb the dark purple coloration in Gram positive cells. The decolorized Gram negative cells are stained pink. With the results from the Gram stain I was able to follow the â€Å"Unknown Identification Flowchart† to the next step, which was to prepare for the Starch Hydrolysis Test by inoculating a starch plate. Starch is a polysaccharide made up of glucose molecules. Some bacteria have an enzyme called amylase which breaks starch down into glucose subunits. The Starch Hydrolysis test is used to determine the production of amylase. Iodine, which is the mordant used in Gram staining, is used in this test to detect the presence of starch. In order to do the Starch Hydrolysis Test I first inoculated a starch plate by using aseptic technique. I streaked the middle of the starch plate with the bacteria into a single line. Then, I let it incubate overnight at 37 °C. In week 2, after I added several drops of Gram’s iodine to the starch plate it was ready to be analyzed for starch hydrolysis. The iodine complexes with starch to form a blue-black color in the culture. Clear halos surrounding colonies is the result of their ability to digest the starch due to the presence of amylase. With the results of the Starch Hydrolysis Test I preceded to the final test which is the Citrate Test. Using aseptic technique, I streaked the organism onto the surface of the Simmons’ citrate slant and let it incubate overnight at 37 °C. The Citrate Test determines if the organism is able to utilize citrate as its carbon and energy source. The medium contained citrate, ammonium salts, and bromothymol blue (pH indicator). Bromothymol blue is a deep blue color with a pH gt;7. 6. The production of alkaline waste products of citrate metabolism causes the medium to become royal blue which indicates a positive result. If the organism is unable to eat citrate, there will be no alkaline products and the agar will remain green. Results From the Gram stain I was able to determine that the organism was Gram positive and rod shaped. The Starch Hydrolysis test showed no color change to blue-black and no halo appeared. Therefore, the organism was negative for starch utilization. By observing the Simmons’ Citrate slant, which was a green color, I determined the organism tested negative for citrate utilization. With the results of these tests I was able to conclude that the only logical microorganism remaining was Bacillus badius. |Test Done |Description of |Results | | |results | | |Gram Stain |Bacilli rod |+ | |Starch Hydrolysis Dark color |- | | |No halo | | |Citrate |Green |- | | |(no color change) | | Discussion Bacillus badius is a Gram positive and rod shaped bacteria organism which is not able to hydrolyze starch, or utilize citrate as its carbon and energy source. The bacteria bacillus badius forms distinct colonies with rhizoid outgrowths. It has been isolated from dust, feces, marine sources, foods and antacids (Online Textbook of Bacteriology). Reference: Scientific Paper Examples of Student Papers. (n. d. ). George Mason University Classweb. Retrieved April 28, 2013, from http://classweb. gmu. edu/biologyresources/writingguide/Students. htm Types of antibiotics. (n. d. ). Retrieved  April  28, 2013, from http://www. biotopics. co. uk/g11/antibiotic_types. html Devenny, S (2013) Laboratory Manual for Microbiology, Delaware County Community College. Bacillus and related endospore-forming bacteria. Online Textbook of Bacteriology. Retrieved April 27, 2013, from http://textbookofbacteriology. net/Bacillus_6. html

Management and Leadership in Nickel and Dimed

Barbara Ehrenreich’s book, Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America, is an astounding expose ´ of the lives of minimum wage earners living in the United States. The author forfeited her good life and went undercover in various cities in the U.S. to assume the role a minimum wage employee. As she describes in the book, Ehrenreich found it hard to make ends meet despite being forced to work on two jobs at the same time (Ehrenreich, 199).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Leadership in Nickel and Dimed specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the book, she points out the difficulties and sufferings of people, who, either through not having enough experience or other reasons, have to endure the difficult journey of having to start their careers at the bottom by being paid low-wages. Ehrenreich’s elaboration indicates that they find it hard to get by, and even more cumbersome to forge w ays ahead. Thus, the issues she raises are due to poor leadership and management styles demonstrated by most American companies towards their workforce. It is important to point out that the book is not simply about an explanation of the difficulties endured by minimum-wage workers, but it is timely literary work that attacks the improper leadership and management styles practiced by the corporations in America. Thus, as indicated in Nickel and Dimed, the inefficiencies in running corporations have made many employees to suffer from mistreatment by their employers and even coworkers. In describing her experiences, Ehrenreich says that her performance was excellent at every position; however, she expresses grief over the lack of any motivation or good remarks from either the administration or her coworkers on her performance despite the fact that the responsibilities she was given required a lot of concentration and skills to be performed properly. For example, she opted out of her f irst job at Key West, Florida, because there was lack of motivation. Despite doing two jobs at ago, the payment she received from her employers was hardly enough to enough to sustain her and pay her rent. More so, her coworkers did nothing to prevent her exit despite telling them her reasons. The effective running of an organization requires one to be endowed with essential skills in leadership and management. Skills in constantly evaluating the performance of the employees, addressing the various changes and misfortunes that take place in corporations, and effective communication with employees are essential as they make sure that the corporation attains its goals. However, as detailed in the book, these effective management tools are absent in some corporations in America. For instance, while Ehrenreich was working as a maid in Portland, Maine, the management did not care for its employees even if one of them got injured. More so, communicating with the management on issues relate d to performance improvement at the work place attracted an immediate dismissal.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A notable experience that the author narrates regarding poor leadership and management style is when she worked in Minneapolis, Minnesota, at one of the Wal-Mart’s stores. She noticed that the company’s management used dirty tricks to keep their wages low and the employees are considered just like money making machines and not as assets to the company that should be treated fairly. In conclusion, the book, Nickel and Dimed, points out ineffective management and leadership styles that are being practiced by most corporations in America in order to maintain their wages at low levels. Thus, it is an eye opener for managers who want to maintain a motivated workforce. Works Cited Ehrenreich, Barbara. Nickel and dimed: on (not) getting by in America. New Y ork:  Henry Holt Co, 2008. Print. This essay on Management and Leadership in Nickel and Dimed was written and submitted by user Joslyn Carver to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

There Will Come Soft Rains Essays - Human Extinction, Free Essays

There Will Come Soft Rains Essays - Human Extinction, Free Essays There Will Come Soft Rains There Will Come Soft Rains was written by Sara Teasdale as part of one of her works, Collected Poems. It is a lyrical poem that deals with the subsistence of mankind and nature together. It also deals with the serene beauty and existence of nature itself. Throughout the poem, Sara Teasdale emphasizes the existence of mankind and nature in two different worlds, yet the two worlds are also still one in the same. There Will Come Soft Rains has both a literal and figurative meaning. The first three stanzas have literal meaning. They describe nature and its existence in relation to mankind. The last three stanzas have figurative meaning. They describe the individuality of nature by accentuating the separation of both worlds and indicating that their world would remain unaltered without the existence of mankind. The first stanza involves the peaceful clashing of both worlds. Soft rains symbolize a silent war that constantly rages, yet causes no harm. The second stanza describes nature in its natural habitat. The frogs represent all of nature and the pools represent their natural environment. The third stanza again represents the peaceful coexistence of both worlds. The fence wire represents mankind, and the robins represent nature. The last three stanzas of the poem figuratively depict the war between nature and mankind. Sara Teasdale focuses on nature and their unchanged existence without man. These last three stanzas serve to further illustrate the separation of both worlds. The fifth stanza creates the image of a world without man. The sixth stanza demonstrates the reaction of nature to being alone in the world. Sara Teasdale uses Spring to represent nature, and her reaction symbolizes the thoughts and ideas of nature as a whole. Sara Teasdale uses rhyme at the end of each verse of this poem. Rhyme is the repetition of words or syllables with similar sounds. In There Will Come Soft Rains, the last words of each stanza rhyme. She also uses imagery in this poem. Imagery is a technique in which writers convey many messages with few words by creating mental pictures for the reader and combining them all at once. Sara Teasdale uses sound to create images in this poem. The sounds of the frogs and the robins convey the calmness of the setting. The world is placid, and the only sounds are the harmonious songs of nature. The theme of There Will come Soft Rains is peace. The theme also has both literal and figurative meanings. Nature and Mankind both literally exist in the same world, but figuratively, their worlds are utterly different. These two worlds are able to survive peacefully with only one common bond, the world they share. The silent war rages on, but it is not a war of violence. Two totally opposite worlds have learned to coexist with each other, for they realize that they both are one in the same.

College Waitlist What Are Your Chances of Getting In

College Waitlist What Are Your Chances of Getting In SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Getting waitlisted at a college certainly isn’t a bad thing- your application was good enough to not get rejected!- but it’s definitely an uncomfortable place to be.After all, when you’re on the college waitlist, you don’t know whether you’ll be admitted or not, and that alone is anxiety-inducing. Luckily, there are many things you can do to increase your odds of getting off a waitlist.In this article, we explain how the college waitlist works, what steps to take if you've been waitlisted, and how to raise your college waitlist chances so you can attend your dream school. What Is the College Waitlist and How Does It Work? What exactly does it mean if you’ve been waitlisted by a college or several colleges? The college waitlist is a list of applicants whom a school might or might not offer admission to.These applicants are essentially put on hold by a college and would have been admitted had space allowed.The total number of applicants offered a place on the college waitlist varies each year and at different schools. If you are offered a spot on the college waitlist, you may either accept the invitation and allow your name to be added to itor decline it right away if you'd rather not wait for an admission decision or have already decided to attend a different college. Applicants are typically only admitted off a waitlist starting after May 1,or the date by when admitted students must submit their decisions to attend the college of their choice along with the non-refundable deposit. Colleges usually begin to admit students off the waitlist if and only if they need to fill more spots in their freshman class. Essentially, once the May 1 deadline has passed, if not enough applicants have decided to attend, the school will start to admit applicants off the waitlist with the hope they’ll accept the offer. Waitlist acceptances often roll out gradually throughout May, June, July, and sometimes even Augustright before the school year starts. Of course, not everyone on the waitlist will be admitted.In fact, some colleges might admit just a few students or even none at all one year! Finally, some college waitlists rank the applicants on it. So ifyou’re ranked highly, you’re more likely to be accepted off the waitlist.Nevertheless, most colleges don't rank waitlist applicants and instead make their admissions decisions based on other factors such as what majors they want to have represented and which applicants will be most likely to attend if admitted. How lucky do you feel? What Are Your Chances of Getting Off the College Waitlist? If you’ve been waitlisted at your dream school, you’re probably wondering what exactly your odds are of getting off the waitlist and moving on to a full-blown acceptance. Your chances of getting off the college waitlist primarily depend on five factors: How many spots the school needs to fill for its freshman class. The fewer the spots there are, the less likely it is you’ll be admitted off the waitlist. In contrast, the more spots available, the more likely it is you’ll be offered a placement. What majors, locations, etc., the school wants to have represented in its freshman class. If a school didn't admit enough engineering majors, for example, it will most likely admit engineering majors off its waitlist first. How likely you are to attend the school if admitted. This factor mainly depends on how interested you are in the college and whether you've actively demonstrated your continued interest in attending (we’ll explain how you can do this in the next section). Carnegie Mellon maintains a Priority Waiting List, for example, for applicants whose first choice is CMU. How strong your overall application is, especially compared with other waitlist applicants. While this is impossible to know, if you have strong qualities such as an SAT score well above the school’s 75th percentile, then it’s likely you're a top candidate for admission. How highly ranked you are on the waitlist (if the school ranks applicants). Ultimately, how likely it is you’ll be admitted off a waitlist really depends on the particular school you’ve been waitlisted at.Very popular and selective schools get applications from thousands of qualified students each year- many of whom end up on the waitlist- making it super difficult to determine how good your odds are of being admitted. Moreover, the year you apply can have a big effect on how many applicants a college decides to admit off its waitlist.This happens because both the quality and number of applicants usually changes slightly each year, along with the specific needs of the school (for example, a school might want to admit more majors one year than it did the previous year). Let's take a look at some real-life examples. At Dartmouth, a highly selective school that's also part of the Ivy League, "the number of candidates offered admission from the wait list varies, from zero in some years to dozens in others." Similarly, here'swhat NYU says about its waitlist candidates: "The number of students- in previous years- who have been admitted from the wait list has varied widely. We were able to admit no students whatsoever from the wait list one recent year while we were able to admit hundreds of students another recent year." And here'swhat the UC system says on the topic: "The number of students who are ultimately admitted varies from year to year, campus to campus. There is no way to tell how many students, if any, will ultimately be offered admission for any particular year." As you can see, in general, there's no easy way to determine your odds of getting admitted off a college waitlist.College waitlist acceptances can vary dramatically from year to year, mainly as a result of the changing number of qualified applicants and the school's needs. Got Waitlisted? 4 Steps Everyone Must Take If you’ve been waitlisted at a college, you’ll need to take certain steps to ensure you're ultimately able to attend college without issue.Regardless of whether you choose to stay on the waitlist or not, here’s exactly what you'll need to do if you’re offered a waitlist spot. Step 1: Make a Decision About the Waitlist Do you want to stay on the college waitlist in the hopes you’ll get admitted, or would you rather decline the invitation and just go with a different college? After you’ve gotten a waitlist invitation, take time to consider whether you truly want to be on the waitlist for this school.Ask yourself the following questions: Is this your dream school? Are you comfortable with not hearing back from the school right away and feeling stuck in a sort of limbo state throughout the summer? Are you OK with potentially losing money on a non-refundable deposit to a different school if you do end up getting admitted off the waitlist? Once you’ve made your decision about whether to stay on the college waitlist, it’s time to move on to Step 2. Step 2: Officially Accept or Decline Your Waitlist Invitation If you’ve been offered a spot on the waitlist, know that you won’t be automatically added to it- you need to officially accept the invitation to confirm your spot.This usually needs to be done by a certain deadline, typically in mid-April or by May 1.Check with the school or look at your waitlist notification letter to figure out when the deadline is. If you fail to confirm your placement by this deadline, you will not be placed on the waitlist and will have indirectly declined your spot on it.If you've decided to not have your name put on the college waitlist and would rather decline your spot, be sure to notify the college of your decision by the deadline, ideally as soon as possible. Step 3: Pick a College to Attend and Submit Your Deposit Regardless of whether you’ve decided to stay on the waitlist or not, you’ll need to pick a college you’ve been admitted to that you want to attend, even if it’s not your top choice and you’re still hoping to get off the waitlist at the other school. Go through all the schools where you’ve been accepted (not waitlisted) and, for each, consider important factors, such as what kinds of majors it offers, what kinds of professors work there, what extracurriculars are available, what its campus is like, where it’s located, etc. You can do research on the schools you're considering attending by looking at their official websites, visiting their campuses, and talking to current or former students. If you’re struggling to make a decision on where you should go to college, check out our guide for tips on how to choose the best college for you. Once you’ve decided where you want to go to college- even if you’re holding out hope that you’ll get admitted off the waitlist at your top choice- it’s time to accept your offer of admission and submit your non-refundable deposit.Both your acceptance of admission and deposit must be submitted no later than the May 1 deadline. Step 4: Wait for Your Waitlist Decision After you’ve decided on a college to attend, all that’s left for you to do is wait to get your waitlist decision notification. When you hear back from a college regarding its waitlist decisions can vary considerably, from as early as May to as late as August, and there is no way of telling when you'll receive your decision (and whether it’ll be a positive or negative result!). If you do get admitted off the college waitlist, congratulations! You now have to make the decision between accepting this offer of admission and withdrawing your previous acceptance, or rejecting this offer and continuing with the other college you've agreed to attend. If you decide to accept the offer of admission, note that you will not be able to get a refund on the deposit you submitted to the other school. If you don’t get admitted off the college waitlist, not much will change.You’ll still have the other college you agreed to attend waiting for you! Want to raise your college waitlist chances? Better start looking in your backyard. How to Raise Your College Waitlist Chances: 6 Key Tips Getting waitlisted doesn’t mean sitting around and waiting (as the word implies).Rather, there are several actions you can take at this time to increase your odds of getting off the college waitlist. Here are our top six tips to help you raise your chances of securing an acceptance from the waitlist at your top-choice school. #1: Write a Letter of Interest One of the best things you can do during this time is to write a letter to the school you've been waitlisted at emphasizing your continued interest and how the school is your top choice. Remember that colleges want to admit applicants who are very likely to attend (this gives them a better "yield," as it’s called). And by confirming that you'll 100% attend the school if admitted, you are effectively increasing your odds of getting off the waitlist. (Note that this type of letter is non-binding, so you're still allowed to change your mind later on!) Your letter of interest can be an email to your admissions officer or regional dean, or even a note on your college's waitlist response form (many schools use this form or a similar form to confirm whether an applicant wants to remain on the waitlist or not). Below iswhat the Tufts undergraduate admissions blog writes about how waitlisted applicants can (and should) express their interest in the school (bold emphasis mine): "Make sure you confirm (via email or the wait list response form) your continued interest in Tufts. Maybe check in one more time with your area’s admissions counselor ...closer to May 1st, just to reiterate that if a spot is available you would take it(if that’s true, of course)." Meanwhile, Wake Forest University's admissions websitedirectly implores waitlisted applicants to send a letter of interest and an update to their regional dean (bold emphasis mine): "Email your regional admissions dean. ... This is your chance to convey your interest in attending Wake Forestwhile also describing how the final months of your senior year are progressing. In particular, we are interested in knowing more about recent academic success in the classroom." Nevertheless,some colleges specifically ask waitlisted applicants not to send any additional information, including letters.This rule can apply even if the college you’ve been waitlisted at is your top choice. For example, here’s what Stony Brook University saysapplicants can do if they've been waitlisted (bold emphasis mine): "[If you've been waitlisted]there is nothing more you can add to your application or do to increase your chances of being admittedfor the fall at this time. We encourage you to choose another college for the fall, and we will contact you if your application status changes." Virginia Tech also does not accept or encourage additional materials from waitlisted applicants (bold emphasis mine): "The only thing you can do is to be certain you can access your Application Status Page and that you select to remain on the wait list. Unfortunately, there is nothing else you can do at this time." Note: When I use the word "letter" here, I mean a letter you write to the school.Don't send any additional letters of recommendation or letters written on your behalf by counselors or teachers. These types of materials are typically ignored by colleges and, if submitted, won’t raise your odds of getting off the waitlist. The only exception to this rule is if a college specifically says it's open to accepting extra rec letters.One example is Hampshire College, whose website explicitly states that applicants who've been waitlisted may submit "a new letter of recommendation" and a letter showing the applicant's interest in the school. #2: Send Important Updates (on Accomplishments) If you’ve had any notable accomplishments since getting waitlisted, you can actually enhance your application by sharing these successes with the school that's waitlisted you.In general, these should be highly relevant accomplishments and updates. Ifyou’re not applying for a science major, it might not be that beneficial to tell the school about your successful science project, for instance. You can typically update your school on what you've been up to via either the waitlist response form (which most schools will give you online) or a letter or email (see Tip 1 for more details on how to do this). Even if you haven't had any major achievements recently, try todraw attention toany positive changes in your life, such as awards you've received, good or better grades you've gotten (more on this in Tip 3), and so on.Even just a general update might be appropriate at some schools (the school will usually state whether this is appropriate or not on their website). For example, in regard to what waitlisted applicants can do to raise their odds of getting accepted, Pomona states, "Sending a brief email update in April about what you've been up to since our last contact is entirely appropriate and welcome." What's more, some schools, such as Johns Hopkins, allow you to send an updated resume if you wish to highlight any changes to or accomplishments in your extracurricular activities. As with the letter of interest detailed above, however, some colleges will not accept additional materials or information than what you originally submitted for your application.In these cases, you won’t be able to update the school on any new achievements you have, so don’t try to send an update since it won’t have any effect on your chances of getting admitted! #3: Keep Up Your Grades Even though you’ll only have a month or two of high school left by the time you’ve been waitlisted, it’s still important to get good grades in all your classes.Many colleges allow (and encourage!) waitlisted applicants to send updates relating to any (positive) changes in their grades or GPA. This could be a major improvement to a specific grade in a class you’re taking or new grades or transcripts that have only recently been released (and that are more recent than your mid-year report). For example, Vanderbilt recommends that waitlisted applicants "consider submitting any substantially relevant new information (e.g., new grades that might be available)." You can send an updated transcript or write a brief email or letter detailing your recent grades. #4: Stay in Contact Some schools give slight preference to waitlisted applicants who make an effort to stay in contact with the school, specifically the admissions committee/officer or regional dean.This generally just means keeping in touch via email. You might occasionally send an email to notify the school/dean of any recent updates about you (see Tip 2) or to elaborate on your continued interest in the school (see Tip 1). On its official website, Franklin Marshall Collegestates that "continuing to maintain and achieve outstanding grades, as well as having occasional email contact with your Regional Dean, will supplement your interest in the College" (bold emphasis mine). #5: Retake the SAT/ACT (If Possible) In some cases, a school might be willing to accept and review new SAT/ACT scores you have that are submitted after you’ve been waitlisted. I’d advise against retaking the SAT/ACT unless you’re 100% certain the school you’ve been waitlisted at will actually look at the scores and you’ll be able to earn a higher score on the test than what you earned when you originally submitted your application. If you decide to take the SAT or ACT again, and you know for sure that your school will look at your new scores, here are possible SAT/ACT test dates to consider: SAT May 4, 2019 June 1, 2019 ACT April 13, 2019 June 8, 2019 July 13, 2019 #6: Get an Interview (If Possible) Schools don't typically allow this, but if a college is willing to interview waitlisted applicants or let them come to campus to interview, it’s worth it to take them up on this offer.Make sure you prepare for the interview and are able to answer key questionssuch as why you want to go to this school and what you hope to do with your education in the future. Yes, it's cheesy- but thinking positive will help you get through this trying time! Recap: What to Do If You Are Waitlisted at a College The college waitlist is a list of applicants who might or might not be offered admission to a particular college.Schools usually start to admit applicants off the waitlist after May 1 and will continue to admit applicants until they’ve filled their entire freshman class. How likely it is you'll be admitted off the college waitlist depends mostly on the following factors: The number of remaining spots in the freshman class What types of students schools want to admit in terms of majors, locations, etc. How likely you are to attend the school if accepted How strong your application is overall How highly ranked you are on the waitlist (if the school ranks waitlisted applicants) If you’re waitlisted at a school, there are four steps you should take in this order: Make a decision about the waitlist Officially accept or decline your waitlist invitation Pick a college to attend and submit your non-refundable deposit Wait for your waitlist decision Finally, here are six tips you can use to try to raise your chances of getting admitted off the college waitlist: Write a letter of interest Send important updates (on accomplishments) Keep up your grades and GPA Stay in contact with the school, specifically the (head of the) admissions committee Retake the SAT/ACT (if the college will for sure look at any new scores you get) Get an interview (if offered by the college) What’s Next? Maybe you didn't get waitlisted- maybe you got rejected.Trust me, I know the feeling.Get tips on how to deal with the crushing pain of college rejection- and then learn how to move on to new and better things! A super high SAT or ACT score can help you avoid getting waitlisted in the first place.Take a look at our expert guides to learn what you must do to earn a perfect SAT/ACT score. Need help applying to college?Get advice withour step-by-step guide, and don't forget to use our college acceptance calculator toestimate your chances of getting into your dream school. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in.

5 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

5 questions - Essay Example The business would be mainly financed by my own money ( savings); however, a loan would also be secured to ensure that all the physical set-up of the place as well as operational expenses would be covered for the first six months of operation. The planning part is executed well since the owners have already prepared a reasonable budget. There is also a need to spend for marketing by hiring a public relations agency that can suitably promote the restaurant to its target market. The cafà © can be considered competitive for three good reasons 1) the food selection that is considered healthy for the heart 2) the cozy and intimate ambience that is different from other competitors since our cafà © has a love theme 3) excellent service to the customers. As for the third reason, the owners have decided to give attention to the training and development of its crew since good service is highly correlated with profitability. In conclusion, this cafà © business would be profitable on the assu mption that quality service and good promotions would be implemented by the

Enron Corporation Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enron Corporation - Movie Review Example Enron had implemented fraud transactions and accounting deceit. It had filed in erroneous details and accounting figures, keeping the whole world in the dark. Financial corruption has been personified by Enron, which had finally filed for bankruptcy. As shown in the movie, the traders of Enron manipulated the whole setup of transactions. This they did, by reducing power supply and by effecting and increment in the prices for power. They targeted poorer consumers and indulged in such activities, at their expense. The need to beget more money, the greed to possess was the recognized motive behind such activity of the traders. Enron Corporation had employed the 'mark-to-market' type of accounting procedure, wherein they had reported the entire financial year's estimated value, as the profit rather than making periodical assessments of the profit margin, as cash came in. Therefore, the high level of profits reported were untrue and misleading, which can be considered frauds. 4.

Business Environment Essay Example for Free

Business Environment Essay In a highly competitive and ultra-dynamic business environment in order for Morden business to remain competitive and thrive, it is no longer good enough to compete and serve at a local scale, more and more business have seen the need and benefit of expanding their business on a global scale. Expanding the business internationally will allow a broader market which in turn will help the organisation stay competitive even gain a competitive edge, it will also result in increased profit margins and stakeholders larger return on investments. When expanding internationally there are several key issues that will need to be addressed such as the organisational context, the staffing context, recruitment and selection, international compensation and performance management and continued management and re-entry. The organisational context Whinch-it board of directors though lacking the necessary skills to expand globally have expressed interest in expanding to the Asian region to tape into the markets need for boats and boating equipment. When planning an overseas expansion they are several issues that should be considered, these include the change of size and structure of the organisation, the flow and volume of information, control mechanisms, and the host countries demands-Dowling et.al 2008. As the business expands it gets bigger in terms of size and therefore structure of the organisation has to change in order to accommodate the change in size. According to Lihua (2009) two key structural features of the organisation will change which are the hierarchal levels and the number of subunits. Due to more employees being needed they will need to be managers to manage the subunits therefore an increase in the levels of hierarchy in the organisation. Departments such as the export department structure will also be the i nitial stages to be affected and also attended to by manufacturing companies such as Winch-it. Whinch-it will require a foreign agent or a distributor who will have knowledge of the local market, in addition to a foreign agent an export manager is also needed to control the domestic based home office, this new positions will affect the structure and size of Winch-it. With an increasing size of the organisation and a longer hierarchical system the volume of information and control mechanism becomes harder to monitor. According to Arace et.al 1974 communication plays a vital role in the organisation’s control and coordination process and the organisational hierarchy plays a part in the work related communication flows, the more levels of hierarchy means the longer and delay the information might get to certain subunits and the relevancy and urgency of that information might have diminished by the time it gets to its final destination, Arace et.al 1974 also states the need of networking in the organisation as that will strengthen the communication links between individuals in the organisation. There are various organisational structures that Winch-it can adopt for its international expansion, the most effective one I recommend is the matrix structure. By adopting this structure Whinch-it is basically integrating its operations across more than one dimension Dowling et.al (2008). The advantages to this structural form are no issue is neglected as conflicts of interest are brought out in the open and priority is placed upon any problem that may arise in the organisation. Due to Whinch-it having multiple objectives in their plan to internationalize their business such as not just selling their products in the Asian regions but also moving some of the production overseas the matrix structure is an excellent choice as it fits the strategy of simultaneous pursuits and multiple business dimensions which in will also be given equal priority Dowling et.al (2008). According to Qiu et.al (2012) a number of multinational companies use the matrix system to implement high levels of dual strategies such as foreign product diversification and area diversification; this shows the matrix system fits the situation. This matrix structure is highly effective but is also expensive and will require careful implementation and management from the top management. The staffing context Whinch-it can pursue one of several approaches to international staffing, with each having its advantages and disadvantages. These staffing methods include ethnocentric staffing method which the strategic decisions are made at the headquarters and the foreign subsidiaries have limited autonomy. If Whinch-it feels there are no qualified personals in the host country then ethnocentric approach will prove to be the best one. Having a parent company national will also maintain the communication, coordination and control links to corporate headquarters. Disadvantages of this staffing model include reduced productivity and high turnover as a result of limited promotional opportunities to the host country nationals. Another staffing method that can be used is polycentric, this models allows each subsidiary to be managed by a host country national with some decision making autonomy, this will eliminate some of the problems that ethnocentric have while also eliminating adjustment periods, lan guage barriers and it gives continuity of management of foreign subsidiaries Dowling et.al 2008. Polycentric however has its disadvantages such as language barriers with parent company national and the loyalty to the PCN might be lower that the loyalty to the HCN’s nationality. Geocentric method of staffing takes no account of the nationality of the individuals but their ability to perform the task at hand, the advantages of this according to Dowling et.al (2008) is that it enables a development of an international team that will be ready for deployment throughout the global organisation, one of its disadvantages is the host government wanting a bigger percentage of the employees from the host country and it is very expansive due to increased training and relocation cost. Choosing the correct staffing model for Whinch-it, various factors such as the uncertainty of the foreign market and the rules and laws differing greatly from rules and regulation from the PCN and also the technology advancement being different according to Isidor et.al (2011) technology intensity will increase the likelihood of an ethnocentric staffing method, although this will be beneficial I recommend Winch-it to employ the Geocentric staffing model. This model although expensive will allow the organisation to have the best people for the job who are trained by the organisation and will allow for an easier communication and control throughout all the subsidiaries and the PCN headquarters. According to Gowan (2004) recruitment success results from the organisation understanding of relationship among person-job fit, person-organization fit and cultural differences and recruits accordingly. This will help the organisation in employing high potential employees. Recruitment and selection The goal of organisations is to employ people at the positions that there will be able to do their jobs effectively and efficiently, this aspect is extremely important to the organisation as the employees recruited and selected by the organisation will be vital the success of the organisation. Issues that will arise in the international selection and recruiting are the fact that the national government would want the locals to be hired as opposed to foreigners. The fact that they will be cultural difference in the host country the selection of employees will need to be able to adapt to the host country culture and develop the appropriate behaviours as according to host country. Winch-it should consider the factors the inability of expatriate to adjust to foreign culture as this is the main reason for expatriate fail, this may have resulted because of family concerns as the employee will be separated from family or the family will having difficulties adjusting to the foreign land which can put a lot of emotional strain on the expatriate and therefore may also affect their job. The length of the assignment will also prove to be a problem as the expatriate may require longer time to adjust before being effective but due to the lack of time they may be needed to be effective as soon as possible with no sufficient adjustment time. According to Dowling et.al 2008 the companies can offer the expatriate family friendly policies that will assist the families too in the adjustment and adapting to the foreign land. International compensation and performance management Pay is the most important factor as it as the biggest motivator when it comes to employees performing their task effectively and efficiently. A study taken by Chen et.al 2012 showed that groups that where offered a pay increase worked more cohesive and effective that the group that where offered just the base pay. When going international the parent company nationals will need to be compensated for the perceived risk they will be going by going to a foreign land therefor the expatriates should receive benefits that will offer them the incentive to go to their appointed positions and perform at a high level and avoid expatriate failure. Reference list Lihua, W 2009, Ownership, size, and the formal structure of organizations: evidence from US public and private firms, 1992-2002, Industrial Corporate Change, 18, 4, pp. 595-636, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 30 April 2013 arace, R, Pacanowsky, M 1974, Organizational Communication Role, Hierarchical Level, and Relative Status, Academy Of Management Proceedings (00650668), p. 62, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 30 April 2013. Qiu, J, Donaldson, L 2012, Stopford and Wells were Right! MNC Matrix Structures do fit a High-High Strategy, Management International Review (MIR), 52, 5, pp. 671-689, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 30 April 2013 Isidor, R, Schwens, C, Kabst, R 2011, Human resource management and early internationalization: is there a leap-frogging in international staffing?, International Journal Of Human Resource Management, 22, 10, pp. 2167-2184, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 30 April 2013 Gowan, MA 2004, Development of the Recruitment Value Proposition for Geocentric Staffing, Thunderbird International Business Review, 46, 6, pp. 687-708, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 30 April 2013. Sparrow, PR 2007, Globalization of HR at function level: four UK-based case studies of the international recruitment and selection process, International Journal Of Human Resource Management, 18, 5, pp. 845-867, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 30 April 2013. Chen, C, Williamson, M, Zhou, F 2012, Reward System Design and Group Creativity: An Experimental Investigation, Accounting Review, 87, 6, pp. 1885-1911, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 30 April 2013 Dowling, J Marion Festing, D 2008 â€Å"International human resource management†

Snow Falling on Cedars Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout the film ‘Snow Falling on Cedars’ the director Scott Hicks has used symbolism to convey a number of his ideas. He used the fog and snow to symbolise hidden secrets, the sea to represent life and death, and he used the Cedars to symbolise a place of secrecy and protection. By using these three symbols, Scott Hick’s ideas could be conveyed without anything being said at all. Fog and snow are used in the film to symbolise hidden secrets and to convey the idea that nothing can stay hidden forever. The fog is first seen in the opening scenes when Carl Heine Junior died and throughout the film, the fog is seen covering the seas secrets. Like the fog, the snow also covers secrets but the snow covers the secrets on the land. It covers up Ishmael and Hatsue’s relationship, and it covers up the racism on the island. Both the fog and the snow look cold and lonely with no sign of life, but in reality, they act as a security blanket, covering up the islands secrets and keeping them safe. Fog and snow convey the idea that everything is being covered from someone or something and that it can’t stay protected forever. Fog and snow will slowly drift away and as this happens the secrets will be revealed because the snow won’t last forever. Throughout the movie Snow Falling on Cedars, the sea represented life and death on many occasions and Scott Hicks was trying to convey the idea that one mans blessings can also be his downfall. The sea was a way of life for the fishermen, but i...

Annotated Bibliography Essay

In order for NHS to satisfy its requirement to transmit large medical imaging files in a timely and secure manner, they must be able to subscribe to circuits of the appropriate bandwidth at each remote office to address the local needs. Unfortunately, the remoteness of some of these locations have resulted in the limitation of network connectivity options. Therefore, the cost-effective alternative to expensive, high-bandwidth internet circuits is to use a WAN optimization solution. A WAN optimization solution consists of a network appliance at each location that focuses on increasing network performance. It accomplishes this through the use of a combination of data compression, content and object-caching, data deduplication and protocol optimization. A WAN optimization appliance works in conjunction with the available bandwidth at a location. The host site would have an appliance that would build ‘acceleration tunnels’ to each of the appliances located at the remote sites. The appliances at the remote sites would be sized based upon the number of users and the available bandwidth at that location. This solution has a number of advantages. It is a very cost-effective approach. Higher bandwidth circuits in remote areas tend to be expensive. The purchase of network appliances are normally a capital expenditure that can be amortized over the life of the product. This timeframe is normally 3 to 5 years. On the other hand, the addition of larger circuits is an operational expenditure that incurs a higher recurring cost on a monthly basis. Secondly, these appliances are transparent to the end user. They do not require additional software on the users’ computers, or require any special setup on a per-user basis. NHS would very likely fall into the Early Adopters category in the Technological Acceptance Curve for this solution (Rogers, 2003). These individuals quickly buy into an idea when the possibility of real benefits have been established. They are primarily concerned with finding a strong match between their needs and the expected benefits (Moore, 1999). The use  of WAN optimization appliances would be an excellent fit for NHS and would be easily accepted by NHS management due to the ability to provide an optimal, technical and cost-effective resolution to the issue they are facing at the remote locations. This solution would allow them the means to meet their requirement to transmit large data files. References Rogers, Everett (2003). Diffusion of Innovations (5th Edition). New York, NY: Free Press Moore, Geoffrey (1999). Crossing the Chasm. United States: Harper Business Essentials

Book Report: Camp Rock Stage Fright

Book Report Camp Rock: Stage Fright By: N. B. Grace Camp Rock: Stage Fright I. Summary: It is a well-known fact at Camp Rock that the director, Brown Cesario, loves to tell stories about famous rockers he knows and about his days on road. But what is not a well-known is that Brown can tell a mean ghost story, and because of that, Camp Rock has an annual Scary Story Bonfire. Everyone is allowed to tell their own story. Rockers were too excited for the bonfire; they cannot wait until midnight so they convinced Brown to spill his story during lunch.By the time all the campers had arrived to the campfire; grabbed some snacks and found sits, the lights had disappeared leaving them with a big bonfire while the stars were twinkling at the night sky. Brown started the tradition by saying some introduction. He let Barron James to take over and tell them the first story of the night. It was terrifying until someone scared Tess, and they all laughed because Tess screamed so loud, and fell backw ard off her log. The next one is Tess Tyler. She told them her â€Å"scary† story that was about her doing the chores. That was scary for her.Andy was the next one and he did it with some twist. He tells his story with rhythm using bongo drums. It was pretty cool. Then the last storyteller was the master storyteller as they call him. Shane Gray was the last one to tell story because he always tell them an awesome yet inspiring spooky story. He used different story for this bonfire and was dedicated to someone, Mitchie. Mitchie Torres was having trouble finding her music. She had been working on a song all week but she cannot finish it. When she writes one verse, she will just get stuck after it. Every line she had written seemed forced.Every note she tried sounded false. Shane knew that she was having a trouble. He knew that some people were saying things about Mitchie being close to him. They said that she only uses him for popularity and he knows that it was not the truth. So he just find a way to make her feel that she does not have to believe them. Shane told them a story about Sam and his guitar. Sam died and his soul was on his guitar, and it’s playing by itself, but not everyone can hear it because only true musicians with soul can hear it. Mitchie tested out if the story was true. She went to the woods and thought about Shane’s story.She waited until she heard some blues song somewhere deep in the forest. She cannot believe it until she saw Shane playing a guitar. It is already midnight when Mitchie and Shane decided to go back to camp. When they were already too far, a few blues notes shimmered through the air, then slowly faded away into the night. II. Reaction: I appreciated that they have made a sub-story about Camp Rock movie and I’m glad that they have. Even though I have not read the first six books, this story still inspired me and made me want to go buy the other six books and the book after this.It is more detailed than the movie. They elaborate the life of Mitchie being there at camp. The story was funny, scary, entertaining and inspiring. All of my favorite genres were altogether in this. Most importantly, this story is about music. 1. Did you enjoy the book? I enjoyed the book because it was entertaining. It was about the character’s passion about her music. It was scary and funny, yet inspiring. That’s why I find it entertaining. 2. Was it well-written? Why or why not? It is very well-written even though I find it weird because the letters were too big.I felt like I’m reading a children’s book, but I understand why. It is because it was published by Disney Press which is a publishing group of books for kids. It is a page-turning book because you know that it has many surprises by the next page. 3. Which characters play important role? Explain. Mitchie Torres plays the most important role because the whole story rotates about her. She was the one having the stag e fright. The second one is Shane gray the one who helped Mitchie to find her music. And the last one is Brown Cesario, the director of Camp Rock who started and organized the bonfire. 4.What can you say about the writer’s style of writing? Is it easy to follow? Difficult? Incomprehensible? Explain. It is easy to follow because it is pretty simple with simple words. It was written in teenage language that everyone could understand and it totally rocks. 5. Was the ending of the story satisfactory? Why or why not? Even though it is not yet finished because there is still a book after it, I am satisfied with the ending of the story that the main character was back to being herself again. She already realized that she really got the talent and she finished the song she’s been struggling with. . What moral did you gather from the story? I’ve learned many wonderful things from the story. The most important of them are friendship, trust and believing. For me, friendshi p is the most important thing in the world, without it you are nobody because even if you’re not popular, you still have your friends to support you and be there for you. And with that, here comes the trust. You just have to trust them that you will be okay, then believing, you have to believe them that they are going to be there when you need them.Also believe in yourself, do not be ashamed of who you really are. Believe in your talents, you deserved it so use it. Everyone is perfect in unusual ways; you just have to believe in yourself. 7. Would you recommend that this book be read by others? Why or why not? I already recommended this book to my friends and told them that it was awesomely cool. I recommended it to them because I know that it will inspire them too. I know that it will help them to gain their self-confidence and lead them to their special talents and achieve their dreams.

Free Essays on Waning Of Affect In White Noise And The Crying Of Lot 49

A recurring theme in post modern literature is the anesthetization of feelings also known as â€Å"waning of affect†. In the novels The Crying of Lot 49 by Thomas Pynchon and Don DeLillo’s White Noise both authors have a common theme. The idea that the waning of affect develops as a result from the influence of television and signifiers are portrayed as themes in both novels. The elements of simulacra prevent genuine feelings, thoughts and ideas to develop. This intern causes the deterioration of relationships. The main characters in both novels, Oedipa Mass in The Crying of lot 49, and Jack Gladney in White Noise, are examples of how both authors felt the direction of future generations were headed in regards to waning of affect. A generation where feelings are learned from signifiers and outside influences not by genuine feelings or thoughts. As a result of their idealistic mentalities the characters live with fears and insecurities and are on a quest to find tr ue meaning in there lives. In Don DeLillo’s White Noise, Jack Gladney is the protagonist in the novel. Gladney lives with a fear of death along with his wife Babette. Gladney speaks of a dream had where he felt he experienced death and states: Is this what death is like, abrupt, peremptory? Shouldn’t death, I thought, I thought be a swan dive graceful white winged and smooth, leaving the surface undisturbed?(18) Jack Gladney has a misconception of death. Jack does not realize that death is inescapable and tries to keep his mind on insignificant things so he does not have to think or face reality. Jack and Babette both fail to realize the human affect that comes with accepting death. Pynchon delivers the same message in The Crying of Lot 49. Oedipa Maas is the protagonist in the novel who like Jack Gladney struggles with many personal issues. Oedipa does not have a sense of reality. Oedipa is constantly questioning herself and begins a quest ... Free Essays on Waning Of Affect In White Noise And The Crying Of Lot 49 Free Essays on Waning Of Affect In White Noise And The Crying Of Lot 49 A recurring theme in post modern literature is the anesthetization of feelings also known as â€Å"waning of affect†. In the novels The Crying of Lot 49 by Thomas Pynchon and Don DeLillo’s White Noise both authors have a common theme. The idea that the waning of affect develops as a result from the influence of television and signifiers are portrayed as themes in both novels. The elements of simulacra prevent genuine feelings, thoughts and ideas to develop. This intern causes the deterioration of relationships. The main characters in both novels, Oedipa Mass in The Crying of lot 49, and Jack Gladney in White Noise, are examples of how both authors felt the direction of future generations were headed in regards to waning of affect. A generation where feelings are learned from signifiers and outside influences not by genuine feelings or thoughts. As a result of their idealistic mentalities the characters live with fears and insecurities and are on a quest to find tr ue meaning in there lives. In Don DeLillo’s White Noise, Jack Gladney is the protagonist in the novel. Gladney lives with a fear of death along with his wife Babette. Gladney speaks of a dream had where he felt he experienced death and states: Is this what death is like, abrupt, peremptory? Shouldn’t death, I thought, I thought be a swan dive graceful white winged and smooth, leaving the surface undisturbed?(18) Jack Gladney has a misconception of death. Jack does not realize that death is inescapable and tries to keep his mind on insignificant things so he does not have to think or face reality. Jack and Babette both fail to realize the human affect that comes with accepting death. Pynchon delivers the same message in The Crying of Lot 49. Oedipa Maas is the protagonist in the novel who like Jack Gladney struggles with many personal issues. Oedipa does not have a sense of reality. Oedipa is constantly questioning herself and begins a quest ...

Benefits And Opportunities For Business Using Internet Marketing

Benefits And Opportunities For Business Using Internet Marketing The website helps businesses to communicate- for example customers can fill in questionnaires or surveys about the website or store this helps the business to improve. Customers can easily go on website to make queries or enquiries, for example on the B&Q website when you click on ‘Contact Us’ and then click on the ‘Enquiries’ this shows you the another link that has a test of ‘General Enquiry.’ When you click on ‘General Enquiry’ the site gives you a webpage and customers can easily fill in a quick Enquiry form- that has the Title, Name, Address, etc also a box that you can fill in Enquiry details. When the customer is done filling in the Enquiry Form the customer can click on ‘Submit.’ This is good for the B&Q because you get quick feedback due to it being quicker than customer writing a letter (Serve- Add Value and Save- Save Costs). Easier to promote their products- especially when B&Q products are on Special Offer s, Sales, for Example B&Q on their homepage has ‘The Half Price Sale,’ ‘15% Off Everything from 26th to 30th January 2010 in Stores only’ ‘15% Off Selected Switches and Sockets,’ ‘50% of Selected Power Tools,’ ‘20% Off Selected Heating More Lines Added.’ This is an advantage for the business because it helps them to promote their customers and non-customers. Those who do not have the time to travel to B &Q or those who are not aware about their products in store and the Sales (Save- Save Costs and Sizzle- Extend the brand online). More frequent individualised communications to build relationship- When customers have an account with B&Q, the business send emails of deals, promotions and products consumers may be interested in. This is benefit to B&Q for the reason that it promotes their products to gain one-to-one relationship (Relationship deepening), increase their sales and avoids their customers going to their compe titors. Opportunities for Product Development Use of Internet Information to Identify Product Development- this is a benefit to B&Q because they can also use the Internet to gather information about the customers’ views and perceptions about their websites, their products and improvements the company could make. This is an advantage for B&Q given that it would help them to satisfy their customer and get new customers too plus it would be much cheaper and save time for B&Q to carry this online then to pay loads money to their staff who would have to go to the high street and ask these same questions to people or the staff goes in the B&Q store to ask their customers but most people may not want to be stopped in store, since they prefer just to shop around. Ability to link traditional methods with online marketing (‘bricks and clicks’) – this is again great B&Q because it enables them to promote their products online and offline. Plus it helps to generate sa les due to the fact that customers could order a product online that may not be in stock (Sell- Grow Sales). This is an advantage since the business can promote to those who do not shop in stores (online customers).

Choos a topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Choos a topic - Research Paper Example At present relations of people and animals are influenced by peoples intellectual values, their moral characteristics, eagerness to take care of another living being, feeling of responsibility for those, who are weaker etc. All these factors show the ethic relations of the human beings and animals, and govern the main issues of a mans behavior towards animals. Bernard E. Rollin states that the problems and issues of animal ethics are often ignored, though the theory, which deals with human-animal relations, has developed significantly (Rollin Animal Rights as a Mainstream Phenomenon). The issues, which deal with animal ethics, are really controversial. Some of the important questions are (Palmer and Sandà ¸e): The animal ethics issues and controversies deal with the rights of animals, animal welfare, animals need in protection, killing animals for obtaining certain goods (food for people, leather, decorations, fur, medicine, cosmetics, food for other animals), killing animals for entertainment (hunting, safari, cockfighting, corrida), performing euthanasia, using animals for testing new medicine or holding other experiments, using animals for entertainment (keeping pets, circus, zoos) ("Animal ethics", Rollin Ethics and euthanasia). There are several theories, which describe a persons ethical behavior in his day-to-day and working life (utilitarianism, deontology, ethical intuitionism, virtue ethics, ethical noncognitivism, ethical contractarians by M. Boylan (Boylan) or personal virtue, religious injunctions, utilitarian benefits, universal rules, distributive justice, contributive theory by L.  Hosmer (Hosmer)), which can be also applied to their behavior towards animals. C. Palmer and P. Sandà ¸e (Palmer and Sandà ¸e) suggest the following theories, which correlate with the general ethics theories, mentioned above: contractarianism, utilitarianism, an animal rights view, contextual views, and a respect for nature

Markets and customers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Markets and customers - Essay Example promotion consists of the advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and sales efforts designed to build demands and awareness of the product or service. (Cheverton, 2004) Though these elements are independent contributing to various strategies that can be developed from each P, it can be also said that, the variables are dependent or at least there is a common factor which is dependent on all these variables which is sales volume. This paper consists of some arguments put in favour of and against the dependency of marketing mix variables. Marketing takes care of the delivery of the product to the customers taking care of their needs as well as the organisations needs. Marketing mix can be explained as the different tactics adopted by a marketer to make the product more appealing to the customers. This involves certain critical decisions. Some of the examples are decisions regarding the products that should be offered for sale, price of the product, markets where products may sell and the means of communication with the consumer for the sale of the product. (Goi, 2009) Different weightings can be given to different elements leading to a better offer that attracts the customers of various styles. Now owing to the increased importance of marketing, these 4P’s have been transformed into 7P’s which are product, positioning, people, packaging, place, promotion and price, whose vivid combinations would determine the success of the product or the service. (Hisrich, 2000) For example, marketing mix can be compared to the ingredients of a cake, and the final outcome is the sum total of all the ingredients put into it. Depending on the kind of strategy adopted the combinations of marketing mixes will also vary as the main ingredient changes in accordance with the cake that is being manufactured. The combination is decided by many factors which are the marketing objectives of business, the access to finance, changes in technology, the feedback from marketing

The Death Penalty in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Death Penalty in the United States - Essay Example Currently, US states with capital punishment record higher murder rates than those without. This means death penalty has failed deter crime the US. A recent survey conducted on the country’s most leading criminologists reveals that many of them do not believe that the enforcement of death penalty has helped to deter homicides (Radelet and Lacock, 2009). One reason for this is that death penalty never addresses the internal and external forces behind offense. For example, many crimes are driven by the prevailing unfriendly and increased unemployment rates. Such situations also trigger aggression among populations. Therefore, killing those found guilty does not solve the problems of the remaining lot. There are also some types of murders that are non-deterrable for example family disputes that result to a non-premeditated murder. These normally increase during times of economic hardships. Increases crime rates can also be linked to increased drug abuse and the never-ending racia l biases (Liebman, et al, 2000). Glaeser and Sacerdote (1999) state that whenever execution is publicized, it tends to trigger more murders in the subsequent days and weeks. The Linberg kidnapping is a good example this. A number of states adopted the death penalty for kidnapping but figures indicate that kidnapping increased.

The Usage Of Wireshark Computer Science Essay

The Usage Of Wireshark Computer Science Essay This document explains the usage of WIRESHARK, its mechanism, its detailed evaluation and demonstration. The main objective behind this report is to operate Wireshark with its powerful features, what are the limitations / Weaknesses. This document also describes the main purpose of Wireshark along with its benefits and disadvantages in a network. Finally the steps that are required to safeguard the system by using Wireshark are also dealt. Table of Contents Overview †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 Mechanism of Wireshark †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Demonstration and Evaluation .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Limitations / Weaknesses .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 Steps to Protect System †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 Literature Review †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 18 1. Overview: Wireshark is a great piece of free open source software for network monitoring and it is a fantastic packet sniffer. It was created by Gerald Combs a computer science graduate during his education period. In late 1990s it was known as Ethereal which was used to capture and analyse packets. However in 2006 summer due to some trademark and legal issues it was renamed to WIRESHARK. Wireshark interactively examines and investigates data from http requests, Cookies, Forms, Ethernet, Token-Ring, FDDI, live network, or a captured file. It can easily decipher data and displays it as clear as possible. It does contain some powerful features like TCP Stream which allows viewing reconstructed stream of TCP session and it also has the capability to monitor UDP and SSL streams. In the same way it allows number of protocols and media types. Wireshark uses plug-ins to eliminate new protocols. It is based on libpcap tool. Tethereal is a tcpdump like console which is included in it. It is capable of performing live capture of network packets, offline network analysis and VoIP analysis. It is also used as protocol analysis tool. Wireshark is cross platform, easy to download and install. It comfortably runs on UNIX (NetBSD, OpenBSD, Apple Mac OS X, etc.), LINUX (Dedian, Ubuntu, Slackware, etc.), Windows (Xp, Vista, 7, etc.). Wireshark is very similar to tcp dump and it can also work with GUI. It can be executed in tty mode by using Tshark as a command line tool. It can also access packets captured from other sniffers such as Wild Packets, Visual Networks Visual UpTime, Snoop, Network General Sniffer, Microsoft Network Monitor, tcp dump, CA NetMaster and many other. Users can create personalized filter strings to attain granular level of configuration. Wireshark is a top rated packet sniffer. The best powerful feature of Wireshark is tracking, detecting and decoding data by using enormous array of display filters, which allows user to extract the exact traffic required. It has a standard built in three-pane packet browser. Various protocols like Kerberos, WEP, IPsec and WPA are supported for decryption. Colori ng rules is one of the best features that applied for quick and intuitive analysis of packet list. The captured data packets can be saved to disk and that can be exported to various formats such as plain text, xml, or CSV. In a network Wireshark enables to access different Protocol Data Units as it understands number of networking protocols. The Basic part of Wireshark software is pcap tool, but when dealt withnwindows operating systems it is known as Wincap which allows Wireshark to run on the system. Promiscuous Mode is a main feature of Wireshark which allows capturing packets across the network. It works in promiscuous mode by Network Interface Card (NIC). The network administrator must either place the correct precautions or sniffers like Wireshark which poses several security threats that traverse across a network. Because of those threats Virtual Local Network uses some reliable protocols like Secure Shell (SSH), Secure Socket Layer (SSL), and Transport Layer (TLS). 2. Mechanism of Wireshark: Wireshark is a preinstalled tool used in many Linux distributions. However in Backtrack it is a preinstalled and can be used directly from the start menu/ All Applications/ Internet / Wireshark. The main purpose of this network analyser is to capture data packets. Wireshark grabs data packets for every single request between the host and server. Now a days technology is like a Gun, much more sophisticated as it can use for both good and evil. Wireshark has number of advantages, for instance, network administrators use it for trouble shooting network problems. Security engineers use it for examining the security problems in a network. Developers use it very often for debugging protocol implementations. Most of the folks use it to learn network protocols. Wireshark can measure data in a perfect manner but it cannot manipulate data. The following illustration describes the Wireshark function blocks: Wireshark function blocks. Source: http://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsdg_html_chunked/ChWorksOverview.html GTK 1/2: GTK handles all the requests (i.e) input/output for windows and it does contain source code in gtk folder. Core: The main core glue code holds the extra blocks together in which the source code is available in root folder. Epan: Epan means Ethereal Packet Analyser, it is a data packets analysing engine. It consists of Protocol Tree, Dissectors, Plugins and vast number of display filters. Source code for EPAN is available in epan folder. Protocol Tree holds the protocol information of the captured packets. Dissectors consist of number of protocol dissectors in epan/dissectors directory. Some protocol dissectors can be executed as plugins to eliminate new protocols where as its source code is available in plugins. Display Filters can be found in epan/dfilter directory and these are also display filter engine. Wiretap: The wiretap is a library which is mainly used to read and write captured packets to libpcap and other file formats on harddisk. Source code is available in wiretap directory. Capture: Capture is an engine which has captured data. It holds captured libraries which are platform independent. As a result Wireshark has number of display and capture filters. Builtbot: The Buildbot automatically reconstructs Wireshark for the changes occurred in repositories source code and brings up some problematic changes. It provides up to date binary packages. It is helpful for bugfix and fuzz test and it also shows problems which are very hard to find. Buitbot can create binary package and source package. It can also run regression tests. 3. Demonstration and Evaluation: Capturing Packets: After logging in to Wireshark Network Analyses, click on Capture then select Interfaces as shown in Fig 1. Select the required interface to capture packets. Every interface will be provided with Start and Options as in Fig 2. Start allows capturing data and Options button allow configuring the options in the interface as shown in Fig 3. Fig 1 C:UsersNarenDesktop1.png Fig 2 C:UsersNarenDocumentsNarenStudy PlaceBack UpNarenWireshark1 (3).png Fig 3 C:UsersNarenDesktop3.png Capture packets in promiscuous mode: This option lets the adaptor to capture packets not only within system but also across the network but network administrator can know about this. Limit each packet to: This option limits the maximum number of bytes to capture from each and every packet. The size includes the link layer header and other subsequent headers, so this option is generally left unset to get full frames. Capture Filters and Capture File: Capture Filters allow only specific type of protocols to enter so that it reduces amount of packets to capture. Capture File allows a file from the system to save the captured traffic. Wireshark by default uses temporary files and memory to capture traffic. Multiple files: This option stores captured data to number of files instead of a single file. When Wireshark needs to capture for a long time this option is useful. The generated file name consists of an incrementing number with the creation time captured data. Stop Capture: This option allows Wireshark to stop capturing after the given number of packets has been captured. Display Options: Update list of packets in real time option saves captured files immediately to the main screen but it slows down the capture process and packet drops can be appeared. Automatic scrolling in live capture automatically allows Wireshark to scroll the packet list (i.e.) the latest captured data. This option will work when update list of packets in real time is enable. Hide capture info dialog is to hide the information while capturing. It is better to disable this option to understand packets being captured from each protocol. Name Resolution: Enable MAC name resolution is to perform the mac layer name resolution by enabling it while capturing data. Enable network name resolution performs the network layer name resolution. It is better to disable this because Wireshark issues DNS quires to resolve IP protocols. Enable transport name resolution this attempts Wireshark to perform transport layer transport name resolution. Data can be captured with (fig3) or without (fig2) configuration the options. Click in start button to start the capturing packets. But it is better to keep the browser ready before starting the capture. Now generate some traffic and that will be captured by Wireshark. Fig 4 This was the traffic generated at that instance C:UsersNarenDocumentsNarenStudy PlaceBack UpNarenWireshark1 (4).png Fig 5 This was the traffic captured and it has many protocols like TCP, HTTP and TLSv1 etc. C:UsersNarenDocumentsNarenStudy PlaceBack UpNarenWireshark1 (5).png As shown in below fig 6, 7 protocols can be filtered by using Filter or Expression. Filters can directly sort out after typing the required addresses. But coming to Expression user must select the required addresses from the field name. Finally click Apply button on main screen, then only it will be filtered. Fig 6 C:UsersNarenDocumentsNarenStudy PlaceBack UpNarenWireshark1 (6).PNG Fig 7 The following Fig 8, Fig 9 shows the filtered HTTP addresses Fig 8 Fig 9 Wireshark grabs data for each and every request between the host and server. Traffic can also be sorted by clicking on Protocol, Time, Source and Destination. But in above Fig 9 it was filtered by using Expression. In the above Fig 9 (774 http GET) address was selected and then Wireshark displayed Frame Number, Ethernet, Internet Protocol, Hypertext Transfer Protocol and few more. Among Hypertext Transfer Protocol is very important because it consists of the following data. GET /webapps/SHU-pmt-bb†¦../bullets†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Host: shuspace.shu.ac.ukrn User Agent: Mozilla/†¦.. It provides some more details like Accept, Accept Language and few more as shown in Fig 9. In Fig 10 there is column at last which consists of hard cipher. Data like user id, password and cookies etc. will be embedded in that cipher. To view that data simply click on Analyze and next click Follow TCP Stream as shown in Fig 11. Fig 10 Fig 11 The above picture shows all the details in the captured data. The data in the Fig 11 doesnt contain user id and password because it was not login page. If it is the login page means here itself the user id and password will be displayed. Wireshark can also grab data from forms and examine cookies. Wireshark has so many options like start capture, stop capture restart live capture and save capture etc. Fig 12 and 13 shows how the captured data can be saved. It also shows the number of packets selected and captured by it. Wireshark can reuse that data for further investigation. It allows adding a new capture type to libpcap. When Tap interface is added to Wireshark, it can produce protocol statistics. Fig 12 Fig 13 4. Limitations / Weaknesses: Some sniffers have the best feature, metrics of network traffic can be counted without storing captured packets because some host may have tremendous amount of traffic and required to monitor for a long time without causing conflicts like inbound or outbound traffic. Bounce diagrams are very helpful to view TCP traffic but in Wireshark TCP Tap listener must be included to draw bounce diagrams. If Wireshark allows pair of Ethernet interfaces then it will be easy to test network latency. When comparing captures manually it is better to include SHA1, CRC and MD5 on protocols so that packet corruption can be eliminated. Wireshark required adding automatic update feature to Win32 for every month to update security features. Properties of the last used interface (MAC and IP etc.) must be made available so that it is easy to use variables. Wireshark must be able to capture an interface which is not in existence presently so that it can start capturing immediately after creating of that preferred interface and similarly to capture from USB and FireWire on platforms which are supported. It must also have a compressor to compress data while writing to harddisk. In recent times Wireshark was becoming popular in security bulletins because of several security related bugs. Protecting the system: Network administrators use Wireshark for troubleshooting the network problems. Protocol examination is a procedure used to notice in a real time. The raw data sent across the network interface is helpful for network arrangement and troubleshooting. Wireshark is used to monitoring distributed application and that monitored data can be used for detecting errors so performance will be improved. It is mainly used for examining the security problems and debugging protocol implementations. Easy to access and learn TCPIP protocols, MAC frame, IP datagram. Dag cards are specialised network monitoring cards. Multi-threading allows the capturing and also speedup the application by reducing the response time. The captured data can be used in any way depends on the persons goal. Sniffers are designed to solve network problems but in same they are malicious. It is very hard to identify sniffer because of passiveness, alternatively there are some way to detect by ARP detection technique, RTT detection and some more like SNMP monitoring. 6. Literature Review: 7. Conclusion: This report explains the operation of Wireshark Network Analyser with clear demonstration. Initially report describes the overview and outstanding features of Wireshark like TCP Steam, Promiscous Mode, TethereaI, Plugins, Three-Pane, PDU, NIC and cross platform working etc. In mechanism illustrated the internal function blocks, Interfaces and Packages of Wireshark. Next in demonstration part capturing procedure steps, configuration options and filters are described with graphical representation. This report mainly focuses on how Wireshark grabs data packets from the network and why it is the best among all the sniffers. Lastly some of the limitations/weaknesses that are present in Wireshark. The main objective of this assignment was to complete the Systems and Application Security module in ISS Masters and get idea of all the applications regarding to security stream. In particular, I would like to state that the assignment helped a lot to learn about all the options in Wireshark. Finally I thank Mr Neil for giving me this chance to explore my knowledge.